universalとは

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːɹsl/

• 韻: -ɜː(r)səl

形容詞

universal (comparative more universal, superlative most universal)

1. Of or pertaining to the universe.
2. Common to all members of a group or class.
   • 1922, Henry Ford, My Life and Work:

     I had been planning every day through these years toward a universal car.

   • 1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:

     In Logic, the letter A is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form "all x is y."

3. Common to all society; world-wide

   She achieved universal fame.

   • 1760, John Dryden, “The Life of John Dryden, Esq.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, Esq.; Containing All His Original Poems, Tales, and Translations. Now First Collected and Published Together in Four Volumes. With Explanatory Notes and Observations. Also an Account of His Life and Writings, volume I, London: Printed for J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, in the Strand, OCLC 863244003, page xiii:

     [John] Dryden's univerſal genius, his firmly eſtablished reputation, and the glory his memory muſt always reflect upon the nation that gave him birth, make us ardently wiſh for a more accurate life of him than any which has hitherto appeared: […]

4. unlimited; vast; infinite
5. Useful for many purposes general-purpose, all-purpose, e.g., universal wrench.

反意語

• nonuniversal

派生語

• universalise, universalize
• universal quantifier

関連する語

• universe
• university

参考

• universal on Wikipedia.
• general
• global

Further reading

• universal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• universal in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

名詞

universal (複数形 universals)

1. (philosophy) A characteristic or property that particular things have in common.
   • 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

     When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

   • 1970, John R. Searle, Speech acts‎^[1]:

     We might also distinguish those expressions which are used to refer to individuals or particulars from those which are used to refer to what philosophers have called universals: e.g., to distinguish such expressions as "Everest" and "this chair" from "the number three", "the color red" and "drunkenness".

参考

• particular

Further reading

• S:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Universals
• The Medieval Problem of Universals - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy