singleとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English single, sengle, from Old French sengle, saingle, sangle, from Latin singulus, a diminutive derived from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Akin to Latin simplex (“simple”). See simple, and compare singular.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪŋɡəl/
• 韻: -ɪŋɡəl

形容詞

single (not comparable)

1. Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
   • 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

     The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail. It’s therefore not surprising that most cameras mimic this arrangement.

   Can you give me a single reason not to leave right now?

   The vase contained a single long-stemmed rose.

2. Not divided in parts.

   The potatoes left the spoon and landed in a single big lump on the plate.

3. Designed for the use of only one.

   a single room

4. Performed by one person, or one on each side.

   a single combat

   • 1649, [John] Milton, [Eikonoklastes]  […], London: Printed by Matthew Simmons,  […], OCLC 1044608640:

     These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, […] / Who now defies thee thrice to single fight.

5. Not married or (in modern times) not involved in a romantic relationship without being married or not dating anyone exclusively.

   Forms often ask if a person is single, married, divorced, or widowed. In this context, a person who is dating someone but who has never married puts "single".

   Josh put down that he was a single male on the dating website.

   • c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

     To undergo such maiden pilgrimage.
     But earthlier happy is the rose distilled
     Than that which, withering on the virgin thorn,
     Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness.

   • (Can we date this quote by Dryden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Single chose to live, and shunned to wed.

6. (botany) Having only one rank or row of petals.
7. (obsolete) Simple and honest; sincere, without deceit.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Luke 11:

     Therefore, when thyne eye is single: then is all thy boddy full off light. Butt if thyne eye be evyll: then shall all thy body be full of darknes?

   • 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii]:

     I speak it with a single heart.

8. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.
   • (Can we date this quote by I. Watts かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound.

   • 1867, William Greenough Thayer Shedd, Homiletics, and Pastoral Theology (page 166)

     The most that is required is, that the passage of Scripture, selected as the foundation of the sacred oration, should, like the oration itself, be single, full, and unsuperfluous in its character.

9. (obsolete) Simple; foolish; weak; silly.
   • (Can we date this quote by Beaumont かつ Fletcher かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice.

同意語

• (not accompanied by anything else): lone, sole
• (not divided in parts): unbroken, undivided, uniform
• (not married): unmarried, available

反意語

• (not married): divorced, married, widowed, taken
• (not single, in a relationship, but with separate households): living apart together, LAT

派生語

関連する語

• singular
• singularity
• singularly

名詞

single (複数形 singles)

1. (music) A 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.

   Antonym: album

2. (music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.

   The Offspring released four singles from their most recent album.

3. One who is not married or does not have a romantic partner.

   Antonym: married

   He went to the party, hoping to meet some friendly singles there.

4. (cricket) A score of one run.
5. (baseball) A hit in baseball where the batter advances to first base.
6. (dominoes) A tile that has a different value (i.e. number of pips) at each end.
7. A bill valued at $1.

   I don't have any singles, so you'll have to make change.

8. (Britain) A one-way ticket.
9. (カナダ用法 football) A score of one point, awarded when a kicked ball is dead within the non-kicking team's end zone or has exited that end zone. Officially known in the rules as a rouge.
10. (tennis, chiefly in the plural) A game with one player on each side, as in tennis.
11. One of the reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness.
12. (Britain, Scotland, dialect) A handful of gleaned grain.
13. (computing, programming) A floating-point number having half the precision of a double-precision value.

    Coordinate term: double

    • 2011, Rubin H. Landau, A First Course in Scientific Computing (page 214)

      If you want to be a scientist or an engineer, learn to say “no” to singles and floats.

派生語

• cassingle
• lead single
• singles bar
• singles charts
• split single
• CD single

参考

• baseball
• cricket

動詞

single (三人称単数 現在形 singles, 現在分詞 singling, 過去形および過去分詞形 singled)

1. To identify or select one member of a group from the others; generally used with out, either to single out or to single (something) out.

   Eddie singled out his favorite marble from the bag.

   Yvonne always wondered why Ernest had singled her out of the group of giggling girls she hung around with.

   • (Can we date this quote by Francis Bacon かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     dogs who hereby can single out their master in the dark

2. (baseball) To get a hit that advances the batter exactly one base.

   Pedro singled in the bottom of the eighth inning, which, if converted to a run, would put the team back into contention.

3. (agriculture) To thin out.
   • 1913, D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, chapter 7

     Paul went joyfully, and spent the afternoon helping to hoe or to single turnips with his friend.

4. (of a horse) To take the irregular gait called singlefoot.
   • (Can we date this quote by W. S. Clark かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable gait, which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in which the two legs of one side are raised almost but not quite, simultaneously. Such horses are said to single, or to be single-footed.

5. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire.
   • (Can we date this quote by Hooker かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     an agent singling itself from consorts

6. To take alone, or one by one.
   • (Can we date this quote by Hooker かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     men […] commendable when they are singled

派生語

• single out

参考

参照

• single in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “single” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2020.

アナグラム

• Nigels, glinse, ingles