dropとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: drŏp, IPA^(key): /dɹɒp/
• (General American) enPR: drŏp, IPA^(key): /dɹɑp/, [dɹɑp], [d͡ʒɹɑp]
• 韻: -ɒp

名詞

A drop of water.

drop (複数形 drops)

1. A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape via surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.

   Put three drops of oil into the mixture.

   • 1864, The London,Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical magaqzine and Journal of Science , page 179:

     This is therefore the weight of the maximum drop formed on a flat surface, and it will be seen that it very nearly coincides with the weight of the drop formed upon a surface seven-tenths of an inch diameter. The drop in this case is always ...

   1. (chiefly in the plural) A dose of liquid medicine.

      eye drops, put one eye drop in each eye; ear drops; nose drops

      • 1986, Eugene Tinory, Journey from Ammeah: The Story of a Lebanese Immigrant, Amana Publications:

        My first treatment consisted of one eye drop in each eye which was supposed to determine the condition of the eye and make it easier to examine them the next day.

      • 2009, Mark A. Goldstein, Myrna Chandler Goldstein, Larry P. Credit, Your Best Medicine: From Conventional and Complementary Medicine--Expert-Endorsed Therapeutic Soluti ons to Relieve Symptoms and Speed Healing, Rodale Books (→ISBN), page 234:

        Therefore, put only one eye drop in your eye at a time. If you have been instructed to use more than one eye drop, wait about 5 minutes between the drops. This will allow more of the drops to be absorbed and will reduce waste.

2. A very small quantity of liquid, or (by extension) of anything.

   asked for just a drop more tea; she was thirsty and there wasn't a drop of water to be found

   didn't show a drop of remorse

   • 1994, Yvonne Howell, Apocalyptic Realism: The Science Fiction of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, page 1:

     BAZARIN: Zoya Sergeevna, just a drop more tea, if you would.

     ZOYA SERGEEVNA: (pouring tea) Do you want it strong?

   • 2013, Maureen Lipman, Past-It Notes, JR Books Limited (→ISBN):

     Not one drop of help did she get from her showbiz parents, who were far too preoccupied […]

   1. (chiefly Britain, Australia) A small amount of an alcoholic beverage

      He usually enjoys a drop after dinner.   She won't touch a drop while she's on duty.

   2. (Ireland, informal) A single measure of whisky.
3. (chiefly Britain, now especially with "the") Alcoholic spirits in general.

   It doesn't matter where you're from; anyone who enjoys the drop is a friend of mine.

   • 1834, Peregrine Reedpen (C. F. Adderley), Our town; or Rough sketches of character, manners,&c, page 61:

     She is rather fond of her drops, and is then particularly good-humoured; it is only when she is getting sober that she is querulous and nervous.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:drop.
4. That which resembles or hangs like a liquid globule: a hanging diamond ornament or earring, a glass pendant on a chandelier, etc.
   1. An ornament resembling a pendant, as applied to furniture or (in architecture) as applied to an architectural feature: a gutta.
   2. A small, round, sweet piece of hard candy, such as a lemon drop or chocolate drop; a lozenge.
5. A thing which drops or hangs down:
   1. The cover mounted on a swivel over a keyhole, that rests over the keyhole when not in use to keep out debris, but is swiveled out of the way before inserting the key.
   2. (theater) A curtain or section of (cloth) scenery lowered like a curtain, which falls in front of a theatrical stage.
      • 1983, Theatre Crafts:

        La Cage's upstage drops include two of the St. Tropez harbor (one for the day かつ another for the night), [...an] ocean drop (used in an Act I dream sequence), and an abstract chandelier drop (used in the second act […] ).

      • 2007, Michele Fields, Designing The Rover:

        In The Rover, one of these esthetically important elements was the arrangement of the upstage drops. Originally the drop was split into three sections, with obvious and blatant seams between them.

   3. A trapdoor (hinged platform) on a gallows; a gallows itself.
      • 2010, Ian Jones, Ned Kelly: A Short Life, Hachette Australia (→ISBN)

        As the prisoners prepared to leave, they had seen Dan and Steve standing together in the breezeway, 'for all the world like two condemned prisoners on the drop'. James Reardon had heard Steve ask, 'What will we do?' Dan replied, 'I'll tell you  […] '

      • 2015, "All The Lost Children", The Frankenstein Chronicles, episode 3 at 26 minutes 40 seconds

        Crook "I'll find the killers for you, I swear."
        Cop "So why didn't you?"
        Crook "I'm scared of 'em."
        Cop "More than the drop?"
        Crook "Aye. Maybe."

   4. A drop press or drop hammer.
   5. A mechanism for lowering something, such as a machine for lowering heavy weights onto a ship's deck, or a device for temporarily lowering a gas jet, etc.
6. A fall, descent; an act or instance of dropping.

   That was a long drop, but fortunately I didn't break any bones.

   • 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time‎^[1]:

     It moved in surges, like a roller coaster on a series of drops and high-banked turns.

   1. An instance of dropping or making a delivery of supplies or people, especially by parachute out of an aircraft, but also by truck, etc.

      The delivery driver has to make three more drops before lunch.

      The spy made the drop, leaving the plans under the tree as arranged.

   2. (music) A point in a song, usually electronic-styled music such as dubstep, house, trance or trap, where there is a very noticeable and pleasing change in tempo, bass, and/or overall tone; also known as the highlight or climax.
      • 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[2]:

        But musical ancestry aside, the influence to which Bieber is most beholden is the current trends in pop music, which means Believe is loaded up with EDM accouterments, seeking a comfortable middle ground where Bieber’s impressively refined pop-R&B croon can rub up on techno blasts and garish dubstep drops (かつ occasionally grind on some AutoTune, not necessarily because it needs it, but because a certain amount of robo-voice is expected these days).

   3. (sports, usually with "the") Relegation from one division to a lower one.
   4. (informal, with "the") Hanging; execution by hanging.
      • 2011, Elizabeth Dale, The Chicago Trunk Murder, Cornell University Press (→ISBN):

        News reporters, doctors, and members of the juries had prime spots right by the platform, so that they could see the drop and record the time of death.

7. A release (of music, a video game, etc).
   • 2004, Nathan Brackett, Christian David Hoard, The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Simon and Schuster (→ISBN), page 792:

     I Donna Summer "In Too Deep" was a pleasure-punk ode to the shallows. 2002 saw the drop of a new album whose title riffed on the many magazine cover stories calling Sum 41's music infectious.

   • 2020, Stephen Wright, Processed Cheese: A Novel, Little, Brown (→ISBN)

     Turned out this was the drop party for popster Effigy's latest release, BeatMeKickMeHoldMe. So what were Graveyard and Ambience doing there?

8. A decline in quantity, quality, rate, or degree; a decline (when going from one value to another).

   a drop in demand for oil resulted in a drop in prices

   • 1935, United States, Department of Agriculture, Industrial Prices and Their Relative Inflexibility, page 37:

     ... so that a drop in business activity would bring a drop in the volume of money outstanding. […] If the volume of money is reduced, it tends to produce a slight drop in demand for all sorts of commodities.

   1. The difference between bust circumference and hip circumference
   2. The difference between chest circumference and waist circumference.
9. A thing, person, etc which is dropped:
   1. (video games, online gaming) Any item dropped by a defeated enemy.
   2. (米国用法 football) A dropped pass.

      Yet another drop for the Tiger tight end.

   3. A fruit which has fallen off a tree (etc), or been knocked off accidentally, rather than been picked.
      • 1986, Apple Juice: Report to the President on Investigation No. TA-201-59 Under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974, page 2:

        Drops are another source of juice apple supply. As the pickers pick apples in orchards oriented toward fresh-market or canning apples, apples fall or are accidentally knocked to the ground; these are drops. The only use for drops is juice ...

      • 1993, United States, Commission on Agricultural Workers, Report of the Commission on Agricultural Workers, page 387:

        Drops are fruit that has fallen to the ground naturally or that is dropped or knocked off during harvest. Drops have no value except for pressing for juice. While the value of drops is usually minimal, they must be removed from the orchards; ...

      • 2005, Michael Phillips, The Apple Grower: A Guide for the Organic Orchardist, Chelsea Green Publishing (→ISBN), page 3:

        […] ; drops are removed to limit in-orchard pest pupation; and […]

      • 2011, Ben Watson, Cider, Hard and Sweet: History, Traditions, and Making Your Own (Second Edition), The Countryman Press (→ISBN), page 54:

        Drops' are often considered the same as windfalls, and some people insist that any fruit that has fallen to the the ground—matter for how short a time—should not be used for making cider. […] Drops, on the other hand [unlike windfalls], are fruits that have sat around on the ground for a longer period of time—typically a day or more. […]

      • 2011, Ken Haedrich, Apple Pie: 100 Delicious and Decidedly Different Recipes for America's Favorite Pie, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (→ISBN), page 97:

        I'll often buy a few bags of "drops" just for this purpose. Drops are apples that have fallen from the trees instead of being picked. They're less expensive […]

10. (US, banking, dated) An unsolicited credit card issue.
11. (gambling) The amount of money that a gambler exchanges for chips in a casino.
    • 2005, Steve Bourie, Anthony Curtis, Bob Dancer, American Casino Guide, page 10:

      In other words, the drop tells you how many chips were bought at that table, but it doesn't tell you how many bets were made […]

12. The distance below a cliff or other high position into which someone or something could fall; the distance to which someone or something drops; a steep slope.

    On one side of the road was a 50-foot drop.

    • 1982, John Ball, John Dudley Ball, Ananda--where Yoga Lives, Popular Press (→ISBN), page 6:

      An Ananda truck coming down a steep, winding mountain road completely lost its brakes and crashed through a thin guard rail over an almost sheer 1000 foot drop. It was caught and held by a solitary tree that was growing […]

13. The vertical length of a hanging curtain.
14. (nautical) The depth of a (square) sail (generally applied to the courses only); the vertical dimension of a sail.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Ham. Nav. Encyc to this entry?)

15. (engineering) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger.
16. A place where items or supplies may be left for others to collect, whether openly (as with a mail drop) or secretly or illegaly (as in espionage または crime); a drop-off point.

    I left the plans at the drop, like you asked.

    The Drop (film title)

17. (米国用法 football) A drop-back.

    The Tiger quarterback took a one-step drop, expecting his tight end to be open.

18. (Rugby football) A drop-kick.
19. (pinball) A drop target.
20. Advantage; only used in get the drop on and have the drop on.

派生語

See below.

動詞

drop (third-person singular simple present drops, present participle dropping, simple past and past participle dropped or (古風な用法) dropt)

1. (intransitive) To fall in droplets (of a liquid). [from 11th c.]
   • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “Nouember. Aegloga Vndecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], OCLC 606515406; republished as The Shepheardes Calender […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], 1586, OCLC 837880809:

     The kindly dew drops from the higher tree, / And wets the little plants that lowly dwell.

2. (transitive) To drip (a liquid). [form 14th c.]
   • The equipment shows how much the glacier has moved and the amount it dropped in height over the summer.
   • 1860, Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass

     persons, dropping sweat-drops or blood-drops

   • 1759-1767, Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy

     The recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever.

3. (intransitive) Generally, to fall (straight down). [from 14th c.]

   A single shot was fired and the bird dropped from the sky.

4. (transitive, ergative) To let fall; to allow to fall (either by releasing hold of, または losing one's grip on). [from 14th c.]

   Don't drop that plate!   The police ordered the men to drop their weapons.

5. (intransitive, obsolete) To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.
   • 1611 King James Bible, Psalms 68:8

     The heavens […] dropped at the presence of God.

6. (transitive) To lower; to move to a lower position.
   • 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 8, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 129:

     The stare seemed to abash Poirot. He dropped his eyes and began fiddling with the papers in front of him.

7. (transitive) To set down from a vehicle; to deliver or deposit by stopping.

   Synonym: drop off

   Could you drop me at the airport on your way to work tomorrow?

8. (intransitive) To sink quickly to the ground. [from 15th c.]

   Drop and give me thirty push-ups, private!

   If your clothes are on fire, stop, drop and roll.

9. (intransitive) To fall dead, or to fall in death.
   • September 1, 1722, Robert Digby, letter to Alexander Pope

     Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our own death, as the reflection and prospect of one friend after another dropping round us.

10. (intransitive) To come to an end (by not being kept up); to stop. [from 17th c.]
    • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

      Maisie's faith in Mrs. Wix for instance had suffered no lapse from the fact that all communication with her had temporarily dropped.

11. (transitive) To mention casually or incidentally, usually in conversation. [from 17th c.]

    The moderator would drop hints whenever the students struggled.

12. (transitive, slang) To part with or spend (money). [from 17th c.]
    • 1949, The Atlantian, v 8, Atlanta: United States Penitentiary, p 41:

      The question was: Who put the most in the collection box? The wealthy guy, who dropped a “C” note, or the tattered old dame who parted with her last tarnished penny.

    • 2000, Lisa Reardon, Blameless: A Novel, Random House, p 221:

      I forked over the $19.25. I was in no position to be dropping twenties like gumdrops but I deserved something good from this crappy morning.

13. (transitive) To cease concerning oneself over; to have nothing more to do with (a subject, discussion etc.). [from 17th c.]

    I'm tired of this subject. Will you just drop it?

    • 1739, Samuel Sharp, A Treatise on the Operations of Surgery:

      They suddenly dropt the pursuit.

    • 1859, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Virginians: A Tale of the Last Century

      that astonishing ease with which fine ladies drop you and pick you up again

    • 1815, Sir Walter Scott, Guy Mannering; Or, The Astrologer

      The connection had been dropped many years.

14. (intransitive) To lessen, decrease, or diminish in value, condition, degree, etc. [from 18th c.]
    • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

      This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.

    The stock dropped 1.5% yesterday.   We can take our vacation when the price of fuel drops.   Watch for the temperature to drop sharply, then you'll know the reaction is complete.

15. (transitive) To let (a letter etc.) fall into a postbox; to send (a letter または message) in an offhand manner. [from 18th c.]

    Drop me a note when you get to the city.

16. (transitive) To make (someone または something) fall to the ground from a blow, gunshot etc.; to bring down, to shoot down. [from 18th c.]
    • 1846, ed. by G. W. Nickisson, “Elephant-Shooting in Ceylon”, in Fraser's Magazine, vol. XXXIII, no. CXCVII

      page 562: ...if the first shot does not drop him, and he rushes on, the second will be a very hurried and most likely ineffectual one...

      page 568 ...with a single shot he dropped him like a master of the art.

    • 1892, Alexander A. A. Kinloch, Large Game Shooting in Thibet, the Himalayas, Northern and Central India, page 126

      As with all other animals, a shot behind the shoulder is the most likely to drop the beast on the spot […]

    • 1921, Daniel Henderson, Boone of the Wilderness, page 54

      He dropped the beast with a bullet in its heart.

    • 1985, Beastie Boys, Paul Revere:

      The piano player's out, the music stopped / His boy had beef, and he got dropped...

    • 1992, Dan Parkinson, Dust on the Wind, page 164

      With a quick clench of the fist on Joey's throat, Bodie dropped him. The man crumpled to the ground […]

    Make any sudden movements and I will drop you!

17. (transitive, linguistics) To fail to write, or (especially) to pronounce (a syllable, letter etc.). [from 19th c.]

    Cockneys drop their aitches.

18. (cricket, of a fielder) To fail to make a catch from a batted ball that would have led to the batsman being out.

    Warne dropped Tendulkar on 99. Tendulkar went on to get a century next ball

19. (transitive, slang) To swallow (a drug), particularly LSD. [from 20th c.]

    They had never dropped acid.

20. (transitive) To dispose (of); get rid of; to remove; to lose.

    I dropped ten pounds and an obnoxious fiancée.

21. (transitive) To eject; to dismiss; to cease to include, as if on a list.
    • 2019, Louise Taylor, Alex Morgan heads USA past England into Women’s World Cup final (in The Guardian, 2 July 2019)[3]

      If Carly Telford’s replacement of Karen Bardsley, because of a hamstring injury, was enforced, the switch to 4-4-1-1 was not. This new-look configuration saw Rachel Daly deployed in front of Lucy Bronze down the right, Toni Duggan and Fran Kirby dropped, Beth Mead introduced on the left and Nikita Parris moved up front.

    I've been dropped from the football team.

22. (gambling, intransitive) To drop out of the betting.
    • 1990, Stewart Wolpin, The Rules of Neighborhood Poker According to Hoyle (page 219)

      But more important, if I dropped, Marty would have won the hand automatically.

23. (rugby football) To score (a goal) by means of a drop kick.
24. (transitive, slang) To impart.

    I drop knowledge wherever I go.

    Yo, I drop rhymes like nobody's business.

25. (transitive, music, computing, television, colloquial) To release to the public.

    They dropped "Hip-Hop Xmas" in time for the holidays.

    That hacker has been threatening to drop my docs [i.e. publish my personal information].

26. (transitive, music) To play a portion of music in the manner of a disc jockey.

    That guy can drop the bass like a monster.

    I love it when he drops his funky beats.

27. (intransitive, music, television, colloquial) To enter public distribution.

    "Hip-Hop Xmas" dropped in time for the holidays.

28. (transitive, music) To tune (a guitar string, etc.) to a lower note.
29. (transitive) To cancel or end a scheduled event, project or course.

    I had to drop calculus because it was taking up too much of my time and I couldn't go anymore.

30. (transitive, fast food) To cook, especially by deep-frying or grilling.

    Drop a basket of fries.

31. (intransitive, of a voice) To lower in timbre, often relating to puberty.
    • 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The Onion AV Club:

      The 18-year-old Bieber can’t quite pull off the “adult” thing just yet: His voice may have dropped a bit since the days of “Baby,” but it still mostly registers as “angelic,” and veers toward a pubescent whine at times.

    Billy's voice dropped suddenly when he turned 12.

32. (intransitive, of a sound または song) To lower in pitch, tempo, key, or other quality.

    The song, 180 beats per minute, drops to 150 BPM near the end.

    My synthesizer makes the notes sound funny when they drop below C2.

33. (intransitive, of people) To visit informally; used with in or by.
    • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 1, in The Celebrity:

      He used to drop into my chambers once in a while to smoke, and was first-rate company. When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me.

    Do drop by soon and I'll lend you that book.

    We'll drop in on her tomorrow.

34. To give birth to.

    to drop a lamb

35. To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop.
    • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost

      their waved coats dropped with gold

36. (informal, of the testicles) To hang lower and begin producing sperm due to puberty.