dropとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: drŏp, IPA^(key): /dɹɒp/
• (General American) enPR: drŏp, IPA^(key): /dɹɑp/, [d͡ʒɹɑp]
• 韻: -ɒp

語源 1

From Late Middle English droppe, Middle English drope (“small quantity of liquid; small または least amount of something; pendant jewel; dripping of a liquid; a shower; nasal flow, catarrh; speck, spot; blemish; disease causing spots on the skin”) [and other forms],^[1] from 古期英語 dropa (“a drop”), from Proto-West Germanic *dropō (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop (of liquid)”),^[2] from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”).

名詞

drop (複数形 drops)

1. (also figuratively) A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.

   Put three drops of oil into the mixture.

   • 1864 March, T[homas] Tate, “XXX. On the Magnitude of a Drop of Liquid Formed under Different Circumstances.”, in David Brewster, Robert Kane, and William Francis, editors, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume XXVII (4th Series), number 181, London: Taylor and Francis, […]; sold by Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green; […], →OCLC, pages 178–179:

     A circular horizontal surface of indefinite diameter gave a drop of water weighing 2·10 grains. This is therefore the weight of the maximum drop formed on a flat surface, and it will be seen that it very nearly coincides with the weight of the drop formed upon a surface seven-tenths of an inch diameter. The drop in this case is always formed at the centre of the surface, this being the centre of the greatest molecular attraction amongst the liquid particles.

   1. (pharmacology) A dose of liquid medicine in the form of a drop (sense 1).
      • 1986, Eugene Tinory, Journey from Ammeah: The Story of a Lebanese Immigrant, Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, →ISBN, page 96:

        My first treatment consisted of one eye drop in each eye which was supposed to determine the condition of the eye and make it easier to examine them the next day.

      • 2009, Mark A[llan] Goldstein; Myrna Chandler Goldstein; Larry P. Credit, “Glaucoma [Tipes for Using Eye Drops]”, in Your Best Medicine: From Conventional and Complementary Medicine—Expert-endorsed Therapeutic Solutions to Relieve Symptoms and Speed Healing, New York, N.Y.: Rodale Books, →ISBN, part 2 (The Best Medicine for 81 Common Health Concerns), page 234, column 1:

        The eye is able to hold only about 20 percent of the amount of fluid in a standard eye drop. Therefore, put only one eye drop in your eye at a time. If you have been instructed to use more than one eye drop, wait about 5 minutes between the drops. This will allow more of the drops to be absorbed and will reduce waste.

   2. (pharmacology, chiefly in the plural) A liquid medicine that is intended to be administered in drops (sense 1).

      ear drops    eye drops

2. (figuratively) A very small quantity of liquid, or (by extension) of anything.

   My aunt asked for just a drop more tea.

   He was thirsty but there wasn’t a drop of water to be found

   They didn’t show a drop of remorse

   • 1994, Yvonne Howell, “Introduction”, in Apocalyptic Realism: The Science Fiction of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky (Russian かつ East European Studies in Aesthetics かつ the Philosophy of Culture; 1), New York, N.Y.: Peter Lang, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 1:

     BAZARIN: Zoya Sergeevna, just a drop more tea, if you would. / ZOYA SERGEEVNA: (pouring tea) Do you want it strong?

   • 2008, Maureen Lipman, “Bar Mitzvah Joy”, in Past-It Notes, London: Aurum Press, published 2013, →ISBN:

     Finally she landed the role, and glory be to God, her best friend Melanie landed the role of Anne's best friend. Not one drop of help did she get from her showbiz parents, who were far too preoccupied with the shape of twenty-four table centre-pieces, […]

   1. (chiefly Australia, Britain) A small amount of an alcoholic beverage.

      He usually enjoys a drop after dinner.    She won’t touch a drop while she’s on duty.

   2. (chiefly Britain) Usually preceded by the: alcoholic spirits in general.

      It doesn’t matter where you’re from, anyone who enjoys the drop is a friend of mine.

      • 1834, Peregrine Reedpen [pseudonym], “The Survey Continued. Odds and Ends.”, in Our Town; or, Rough Sketches of Character, Manners, &c. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 61:

        She is rather fond of her drops, and is then particularly good-humoured; it is only when she is getting sober that she is querulous and nervous.

   3. (Ireland, informal) A single measure of whisky.
3. That which hangs or resembles a liquid globule, such as a hanging diamond earring or ornament, a glass pendant on a chandelier, etc.
   1. Often preceded by a defining word: a small, round piece of hard candy, such as a lemon drop; a lozenge.
   2. (architecture) An ornament resembling a pendant; a gutta.
4. A thing which drops or hangs down.
   1. The cover mounted on a swivel over a keyhole that rests over the keyhole when not in use to keep out debris, but is swiveled out of the way before inserting the key.
   2. (agriculture) A fruit which has fallen off a tree, etc., or has been knocked off accidentally, rather than picked.
      • 1986 June, “Information Obtained in the Investigation”, in Apple Juice: Report to the President on Investigation No. TA-201-59 under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 (USITC Publication; 1861), Washington, D.C.: United States International Trade Commission, →OCLC, page A-2:

        Drops are another source of juice apple supply. As the pickers pick apples in orchards oriented toward fresh-market or canning apples, apples fall or are accidentally knocked to the ground; these are drops. The only use for drops is juice production.

      • 1993, United States Commission on Agricultural Workers, “The Apple Industry in New York and Pennsylvania”, in Case Studies and Research Reports Prepared for the Commission on Agricultural Workers 1989–1993 to Accompany the Report of the Commission: Appendix I, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 387, column 1:

        Drops are fruit that has fallen to the ground naturally or that is dropped or knocked off during harvest. Drops have no value except for pressing for juice. While the value of drops is usually minimal, they must be removed from the orchards; otherwise, they attract mice which later in the season, once the apples are gone, gnaw on the roots of apple trees.

      • 2002, Ken Haedrich, “Very Apple Apple Pies”, in Apple Pie: 100 Delicious and Decidedly Different Recipes for America’s Favorite Pie, Boston, Mass.: The Harvard Common Press, →ISBN, page 97, column 1:

        But in the fall, when apples are abundant and cheap, I like to make my own [applesauce]. I'll often buy a few bags of "drops" just for this purpose. Drops are apples that have fallen from the trees instead of being picked. They're less expensive since they might have a bruise or two, but otherwise they're fresh nd juicy.

      • 2005 October, Michael Phillips, “Growing Apples Locally”, in The Apple Grower: A Guide for the Organic Orchardist, revised edition, White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 3:

        Biologically based IPM goes further by integrating orchard practices for common gain. Thus, in a second-level IPM orchard, sprays are withheld after June to allow beneficial insect populations to rebuild; summer maggot fly incursions are trapped at the border; drops are removed to limit in-orchard pest pupation; and fall sanitation is used to reduce disease inoculum the following spring.

      • 2009, Ben Watson, Cider, Hard and Sweet: History, Traditions, and Making Your Own, 2nd edition, Woodstock, Vt.: The Countryman Press, →ISBN, page 54, column 1:

        Drops are often considered the same as windfalls, and some people insist that any fruit that has fallen to the ground—no matter for how short a time—should not be used for making cider. […] Drops, on the other hand [unlike windfalls], are fruits that have sat around on the ground for a longer period of time—typically a day or more.

   3. (米国用法 football) A dropped pass.

      Yet another drop for the Tiger tight end.

   4. (law enforcement) A trapdoor (“hinged platform”) on a gallows; a gallows itself.
      • 2003, Ian Jones, Ned Kelly: A Short Life‎^[1], revised edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Hachette Australia, published 2010, →ISBN:

        As the prisoners prepared to leave, they had seen Dan and Steve standing together in the breezeway, ‘for all the world like two condemned prisoners on the drop’.

      • 2015 November 25, Benjamin Ross; Barry Langford, “All the Lost Children”, in The Frankenstein Chronicles, season 1, episode 3, 26:40 from the start:

        Crook: "I'll find the killers for you, I swear." / Cop: "So why didn't you?" / Crook: "I'm scared of 'em." / Cop: "More than the drop?" / Crook: "Aye. Maybe."

   5. (online gaming, video games) An item made available for the player to pick up from the remains of a defeated enemy.
   6. (technology)
      1. A mechanism for lowering something, such as a machine for lowering heavy weights on to a ship's deck, or a device for temporarily lowering a gas jet, etc.
      2. Short for drop hammer and drop press.
   7. (theater) A curtain which falls in front of a theatrical stage; also, a section of (cloth) scenery lowered on to the stage like a curtain.
      • 1983, Theatre Crafts, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Crafts Associates, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 61, column 1:

        La Cage's upstage drops include two of the St. Tropez harbor (one for the day かつ another for the night), [... an] ocean drop (used in an Act I dream sequence), and an abstract chandelier drop (used in the second act […]).

      • 2007, Michele Fields, Designing The Rover (unpublished M.F.A. dissertation), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin–Madison, →OCLC:

        In The Rover, one of these esthetically important elements was the arrangement of the upstage drops. Originally the drop was split into three sections, with obvious and blatant seams between them.

5. An act or instance of dropping (in all senses).
   1. An act of moving downwards under the force of gravity; a descent, a fall.

      That was a long drop, but fortunately I didn’t break any bones.

      • 2012, John Branch, “Snow fall: The avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in The New York Times‎^[2], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 21 February 2021:

        The slope of the terrain, shaped like a funnel, squeezed the growing swell of churning snow into a steep, twisting gorge. It moved in surges, like a roller coaster on a series of drops and high-banked turns.

   2. An instance of making a delivery of people, supplies, or things, especially by parachute out of an aircraft (an airdrop), but also by truck, etc.

      The delivery driver has to make three more drops before lunch.

      The spy made the drop, leaving the plans under the tree as arranged.

      • 2020, Arlana Crane, Mordecai's Ashes:

        That was how a drug deal went down? […] Karl shook his head and pulled away from the curb, heading for his next drop and feeling distinctly uncomfortable about the mass of cash now keeping the drugs in his bags company.

   3. A release (of music, a video game, etc).
      • 2004, L. S., “Sum 41”, in Nathan Brackett and Christian Hoard, editors, The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (A Fireside Book), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 792, column 1:

        2002 saw the drop of a new album whose title riffed on the many magazine cover stories calling Sum 41's music infectious.

      • 2020 January, Stephen Wright, Processed Cheese‎^[3], ebook edition, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN:

        Turned out this was the drop party for popster Effigy's latest release, BeatMeKickMeHoldMe.

   4. (gambling) The amount of money that a gambler exchanges for chips in a casino.
      • 1996, Steve Bourie; Anthony Curtis [et al.], American Casino Guide, 1997 edition, Dania, Fla.: Casino Vacations, →ISBN, page 12:

        What the first column in the table shows you is how much the casinos won as a percentage of the drop. For example, on the roulette table for every $100 that went into the drop box the casino wonj $22.70 or 22.70%. […] In other words, the drop tells you how many chips were bought at that table, but it doesn't tell you how many bets were made with those chips.

   5. (law enforcement, informal) Preceded by the: execution by hanging.
      • 2011, Elizabeth Dale, “Justice is Served”, in The Chicago Trunk Murder: Law and Justice at the Turn of the Century, DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, →ISBN, page 74:

        [A]ll those present shared the all-important political connections required to get a ticket to the execution. News reporters, doctors, and members of the juries had prime spots right by the platform, so that they could see the drop and record the time of death.

   6. (sports)
      1. Usually preceded by the: relegation from one division to a lower one.
      2. (米国用法 football) Short for drop-back.

         The Tiger quarterback took a one-step drop, expecting his tight end to be open.

      3. (pinball) Short for drop target.
      4. (rugby) Short for drop kick.
      5. (golf) Short for drop shot.
   7. (US, banking, dated) An unsolicited credit card issue.
6. A decline in degree, quality, quantity, or rate.

   The drop in demand for oil resulted in a drop in prices.

   • 1935 January 17, Gardiner C[olt] Means, “Appendix L. The Necessity for Supplying the Right Amount of Monetary Medium.”, in Industrial Prices and Their Relative Inflexibility […] (74th Congress, 1st Session; document no. 13), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, paragraphs 5–6, page 37:

     [T]he volume of money was expected to fluctuate with the volume of business activity so that a drop in business activity would bring a drop in the volume of money outstanding. […] If the volume of money is reduced, it tends to produce a slight drop in demand for all sorts of commodities.

   1. (sewing)
      1. Of men's clothes: the difference between the chest circumference and waist circumference.
      2. Of women's clothes: the difference between the bust circumference and hip circumference.
7. The distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level.
   1. The distance below a cliff or other high position through which someone or something could fall; hence, a steep slope.

      On one side of the road was a 50-foot drop.

      • 1982, John Ball, “Preface”, in Ananda: Where Yoga Lives, Bowling Green, Oh.: Bowling Green University Popular Press, →ISBN, page 6:

        An Ananda truck coming down a steep, winding mountain road completely lost its brakes and crashed through a thin guard rail over an almost sheer 1000 foot drop. It was caught and held by a solitary tree that was growing in the one and only spot where it could prevent a certain fatal plunge. No one was even slightly injured.

   2. The vertical length of a hanging curtain.
   3. (engineering) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger.
   4. (law enforcement) The distance that a person drops when being executed by hanging.
   5. (nautical) The depth of a (square) sail (generally applied to the courses only); the vertical dimension of a sail.
      • 1869, Richard W. Meade, A Treatise on Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding, page 117:

        A further point is, that the convenience of the ship herself may interfere with the disposition of sails. A high forecastle will shorten the drop of the foresail, and a poop may seriously interfere with the spanker.

      • 1969, Richard Armstrong, The Merchantmen, page 97:

        Her mainyard was 80 feet long, and her mainsail had a drop of 40 feet.

      • 2020, John McKay, Sovereign of the Seas, 1637:

        Because this natural bulging was not adequate, the sails were deliberately made to round outward by cutting the cloths longer than necessary for the drop of the sail.

8. A place where items or supplies may be left for others to collect, whether openly (as with a mail drop), or secretly or illegally (as in crime または espionage); a drop-off point.

   I left the plans at the drop, like you asked.

   • 1973, United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Small Business, Criminal Redistribution Systems and Their Economic Impact on Small Business: Hearings, Ninety-third Congress (page 811)

     A drop is a place where the stolen property can be stored. It may be a warehouse, an apartment, or a garage. At the drop, a group of persons called loaders remove the merchandise from the truck and store it.

9. (informal) Only used in get the drop on, have the drop on An advantage.
10. (music) A point in a song, usually electronic music such as dubstep, house, trace, or trap, where there is a very noticeable and pleasing change in bass, tempo, and/or overall tone; a climax, a highlight.
    • 2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club‎^[4], archived from the original on 6 August 2020:

      But musical ancestry aside, the influence to which [Justin] Bieber is most beholden is the current trends in pop music, which means Believe is loaded up with EDM [electronic dance music] accouterments, seeking a comfortable middle ground where Bieber’s impressively refined pop-R&B croon can rub up on techno blasts and garish dubstep drops (かつ occasionally grind on some AutoTune, not necessarily because it needs it, but because a certain amount of robo-voice is expected these days).

    • 2015, Robin James, Resilience & Melancholy‎^[5], Zero Books, →ISBN:

      Just as dubstep has grown in popularity and combined with many different genres, the drop has become a generalized type of which there are many individually varying instances, including dubstep bass-drop. As LA Times critic Randall Roberts notes, even good-girl tween pop idol Taylor Swift uses a drop in her Max-Martin-Produced track “I Knew You Were Trouble.”