coalとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English cole, from 古期英語 col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (compare West Frisian koal, Dutch kool, German Kohle, Danish kul), from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

Compare Old Irish gúal (“coal”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to twinkle, glow”), Persian زغال‎ (zoğâl, “live coal”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), all from the same root.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /kəʊl/, /kɔʊl/
• 韻: -əʊl
• (General American) IPA^(key): /koʊl/
• 異形同音異義語: cole, kohl

名詞

coal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 coals)

1. (uncountable) A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.

   Put some coal on the fire.

2. (countable) A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English)

   Put some coals on the fire.

3. (countable) A type of coal, such as bituminous, anthracite, or lignite, and grades and varieties thereof.
4. (countable) A glowing or charred piece of coal, wood, or other solid fuel.

   Just as the camp-fire died down to just coals, with no flames to burn the marshmallows, someone dumped a whole load of wood on, so I gave up and went to bed.

5. Charcoal.

下位語

• anthracite
• bituminous coal
• brown coal
• charcoal
• lignite
• seacoal, sea coal
• soft coal

派生語

派生した語

• → Hausa: kwal

関連する語

参考

• ember

動詞

coal (三人称単数 現在形 coals, 現在分詞 coaling, 過去形および過去分詞形 coaled)

1. (intransitive) To take on a supply of coal (usually of steam ships).
   • 1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:

     The light shook and splintered in the puddles. A red glare came from an outward-bound steamer that was coaling.

   • 1863, Colonial Secretary to Commander Baldwin, USN

     shortly after that she coaled again at Simon's Bay; and that after remaining in the neighbourhood of our ports for a time, she proceeded to Mauritius, where she coaled again, and then returned to this colony.

2. (transitive) To supply with coal.

   to coal a steamer

   • January 1917, National Geographic Magazine, Volume 31 Number 1, One Hundred British Seaports

     Cruisers may be coaled at sea and provided with ammunition openly. The submarine may not

3. (intransitive) To be converted to charcoal.
   • 2014, Ken Mudge and Steve Gabriel, Farming the Woods

     After the initial burn the goal of any good fire should be coaling; that is, creating a bed of solid coals that will sustain the fire.

   • 1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 18:

     As a result, particles of wood and twigs insufficiently coaled are frequently found at the bottom of such pits.

4. (transitive) To burn to charcoal; to char.
   • 1622, Francis Bacon, Natural History

     Char-coal of roots, coaled into great pieces.

5. (transitive) To mark or delineate with charcoal.
   • 1551, William Camden, Remains concerning Britain:

     […] marvailing, he coaled out these rithms upon the wall near to the picture