dragとは

語源 1

Capitol St., the main drag of Charleston, June 1973.

Someone taking a drag on a cigarette.

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of 古期英語 dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreǵʰ- (“to draw, drag”). Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled または dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). More at draw.

名詞

drag (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 drags)

1. (uncountable) Resistance of the air (または some other fluid) to something moving through it.

   When designing cars, manufacturers have to take drag into consideration.

2. (countable, foundry) The bottom part of a sand casting mold.
3. (countable) A device dragged along the bottom of a body of water in search of something, e.g. a dead body, or in fishing.
4. (countable, informal) A puff on a cigarette or joint.
5. (countable, slang) Someone or something that is annoying or frustrating, or disappointing; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment.

   Travelling to work in the rush hour is a real drag.

   • J. D. Forbes

     My lectures were only a pleasure to me, and no drag.

6. (countable, slang) A long open horse-drawn carriage with transverse or side seats. [from mid-18th c.]
   • 1899, Kate Chopin, The Awakening:

     Alcee Arobin and Mrs. Highcamp called for her one bright afternoon in Arobin's drag.

7. (countable, slang) Street, as in 'main drag'. [from mid-19th c.]
8. (countable) The scent-path left by dragging a fox, for training hounds to follow scents.

   to run a drag

9. (countable, snooker) A large amount of backspin on the cue ball, causing the cue ball to slow down.
10. A heavy harrow for breaking up ground.
11. A kind of sledge for conveying heavy objects; also, a kind of low car or handcart.

    a stone drag

12. (metallurgy) The bottom part of a flask or mould, the upper part being the cope.
13. (masonry) A steel instrument for completing the dressing of soft stone.
14. (nautical) The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel.
15. Anything towed in the water to retard a ship's progress, or to keep her head up to the wind; especially, a canvas bag with a hooped mouth (drag sail), so used.
16. A skid or shoe for retarding the motion of a carriage wheel.
17. Motion affected with slowness and difficulty, as if clogged.
    • Hazlitt

      Had a drag in his walk.

18. Witch house music. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
19. The last position in a line of hikers.
    • 1999, Dana Stabenow, Hunter's Moon, →ISBN, page 73:

      Okay, I'll take point, Kate, you take drag.

20. (aviation, aerodynamics) The act of suppressing wind flow to slow an aircraft in flight, as by use of flaps when landing.

派生語

動詞

drag (third-person singular simple present drags, present participle dragging, simple past and past participle dragged or (dialectal) drug)

Tamil fishermen dragging their boat.

Fishing by dragging a river.

1. (transitive) To pull along a surface or through a medium, sometimes with difficulty.

   Let's drag this load of wood over to the shed.

   The misbehaving child was dragged out of the classroom.

2. (intransitive) To move slowly.

   Time seems to drag when you’re waiting for a bus.

3. To act or proceed slowly or without enthusiasm; to be reluctant.
   • 2013 September-October, James R. Carter, “Flowers and Ribbons of Ice”, in American Scientist:

     Dragging yourself out of a warm bed in the early hours of a wintry morning to go for a hike in the woods: It’s not an easy thing for some to do, but the visual treasures that await could be well worth the effort. If the weather conditions and the local flora are just right, you might come across fleeting, delicate frozen formations sprouting from certain plant stems, literally a garden of ice.

4. To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with weary effort; to go on lingeringly.
   • Byron

     The day drags through, though storms keep out the sun.

   • Gay

     Long, open panegyric drags at best.

5. To draw along (something burdensome); hence, to pass in pain or with difficulty.
   • Dryden

     have dragged a lingering life

6. To serve as a clog or hindrance; to hold back.
   • Russell

     A propeller is said to drag when the sails urge the vessel faster than the revolutions of the screw can propel her.

7. (computing) To move (an item) on the computer display by means of a mouse or other input device.

   Drag the file into the window to open it.

8. (chiefly of a vehicle) To inadvertently rub or scrape on a surface.

   The car was so low to the ground that its muffler was dragging on a speed bump.

9. (soccer) To hit or kick off target.
   • November 17 2012, BBC Sport: Arsenal 5-2 Tottenham [1]

     Arsenal were struggling for any sort of rhythm and Aaron Lennon dragged an effort inches wide as Tottenham pressed for a second.

10. To fish with a dragnet.
12. To search for something, as a lost object or body, by dragging something along the bottom of a body of water.
13. To break (land) by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow.
14. (figuratively) To search exhaustively, as if with a dragnet.
    • Tennyson

      while I dragged my brains for such a song

15. (slang) To roast, say negative things about, or call attention to the flaws of (someone).

    You just drag him 'cause he's got more money than you.

派生語

• drag one's feet
• draggle
• dragline
• updrag
• what the cat dragged in

関連する語

• dragnet

参考

• (call attention to the flaws of): read

語源 2

Conchita Wurst in drag during the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest.

Possibly from English drag (“to pull along a surface”) because of the sensation of long skirts trailing on the floor, or from Yiddish טראָגן‎ (trogn, “to wear”)^[1]

名詞

drag (uncountable)

1. (uncountable, slang) Women's clothing worn by men for the purpose of entertainment. [from late 19th c.]

   He performed in drag.

2. (uncountable, slang) Any type of clothing or costume associated with a particular occupation or subculture.

   corporate drag

派生語

• (women's clothing worn by men): drag daughter, drag king, drag queen, drag show
• (any type of clothing): lally-drags

動詞

drag (三人称単数 現在形 drags, 現在分詞 dragging, 過去形および過去分詞形 dragged)

1. To perform as a drag queen or drag king.

参照

• Flight, 1913, p. 126 attributing to Archibald Low
• “Drag” in Michael Quinion, Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, 2004, →ISBN.

アナグラム

• Grad, darg, gard, grad