smokeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) enPR: smōk, IPA^(key): /sməʊk/
• (米国発音) enPR: smōk, IPA^(key): /smoʊk/
• 韻: -əʊk

語源 1

From Middle English smoke, from 古期英語 smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

名詞

smoke (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 smokes)

1. (uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.
   • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

     Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2. (colloquial, countable) A cigarette.
   • 2019, Idles, "Never Fight a Man With a Perm", Joy as an Act of Resistance.

     I said I've got a penchant for smokes and kicking douches in the mouth / Sadly for you my last cigarette's gone out

   Can I bum a smoke off you?;  I need to go buy some smokes.

3. (colloquial, uncountable) Anything to smoke (e.g. cigarettes, marijuana, etc.)

   Hey, you got some smoke?

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Noveria:

     ERCS Guard: Got a smoke? We're all out.

4. (colloquial, countable, never 複数形) An instance of smoking a cigarette, cigar, etc.; the duration of this act.
   • 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VII, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:

     I lit a pipe and had a good long smoke, and went on watching.

   I'm going out for a smoke.

5. (uncountable, figuratively) A fleeting illusion; something insubstantial, evanescent, unreal, transitory, or without result.

   The excitement behind the new candidate proved to be smoke.

   • 1974, John le Carré, chapter 6, in Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy‎^[1], New York: Knopf, page 44:

     I fed her a lot of smoke about a sheep station outside Adelaide and a big property in the high street with a glass front and ‘Thomas’ in lights. She didn’t believe me.

6. (uncountable, figuratively) Something used to obscure or conceal; an obscuring condition; see also smoke and mirrors.

   The smoke of controversy.

7. (uncountable) A light grey colour/color tinted with blue.

   smoke:  

8. (uncountable, slang) Bother; problems; hassle.

   You better not be giving me no smoke.

9. (military, uncountable) A particulate of solid or liquid particles dispersed into the air on the battlefield to degrade enemy ground or for aerial observation. Smoke has many uses--screening smoke, signaling smoke, smoke curtain, smoke haze, and smoke deception. Thus it is an artificial aerosol.
10. (baseball, slang) A fastball.
11. (countable) A distinct column of smoke, such as indicating a burning area or fire.
    • 1860, Randolph Barnes Marcy, The Prairie and Overland Traveller, page 203:

      Should the commander of one column desire to communicate with the other, he raises three smokes simultaneously, which, if seen by the other party, should be responded to in the same manner.

    • 1923, California Historical Society Quarterly, volume 2, page 152:

      […] and we could not discern any settlement or any people, but we did see two smokes up-river in some thick groves of oak and cork and willows and other high trees, of a good thickness, resembling ash trees.

    • 1941 January, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The Scottish Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 1:

      In the evening haze, even the Calton Gaol took on something of the savage grandeur of a Doré drawing, and this was by no means spoilt by the rising smokes of North British engines in the ravine below.

    • 1957, Sylva: The Lands and Forests Review, volume 13-14, page 43:

      During the night, a severe lightning storm passed over this area and in the morning the towerman reported two smokes separated by about two miles distance.

    • 2021 May 15, “Guadalupe Mountains National Park Temporarily Closes Backcountry Campsites due to Dog Fire”, in Guadalupe Mountains National Park News Releases‎^[2]:

      The aerial reconnaissance did see active flame on heavy fuels (logs) and fine fuels (duff/understory), and several smokes.

同意語

• (cigarette): cig, ciggy, cancer stick, coffin nail, fag (英国用法, Australia)

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

From Middle English smoken, from 古期英語 smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to 古期英語 smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

動詞

smoke (三人称単数 現在形 smokes, 現在分詞 smoking, 過去形および過去分詞形 smoked)

1. (transitive) To inhale and exhale the smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc.

   He's smoking his pipe.

   Smoking a pipe has gone out of fashion.

2. (intransitive) To inhale and exhale tobacco smoke.
   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 2:

     He used to drop into my chambers once in a while to smoke, and was first-rate company. When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     To Edward […] he was terrible, nerve-inflaming, poisonously asphyxiating. He sat rocking himself in the late Mr. Churchill's swing chair, smoking and twaddling.

   Do you smoke?

3. (intransitive) To give off smoke.

   My old truck was still smoking even after the repairs.

   • 1645, John Milton, L'Allegro:

     Hard by a cottage chimney smokes.

   1. (intransitive) Of a fire in a fireplace: to emit smoke outward instead of up the chimney, owing to imperfect draught.
4. (transitive) To preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke.

   You'll need to smoke the meat for several hours.

5. (transitive) To dry or medicate by smoke.
   • 2019, Thomas D. Seeley, The Lives of Bees: The Untold Story of the Honey Bee in the Wild, page 64:

     After opening one of the hives from the back, he smoked the bees to calm them and to drive the queen toward the front of the hive.

6. (transitive, obsolete) To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense; to perfume.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     Smoking the temple, ful of clothes fayre, / This Emelie with herte debonaire / Hire body wesshe with water of a well […]

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

7. (transitive, obsolete) To make unclear or blurry.
   • 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:

     Smoke your bits of glass,
     Ye loyal Swine, or her transfiguration
     Will blind your wondering eyes.

8. (intransitive, slang, chiefly as present participle) To perform (e.g. music) energetically or skillfully.

   The horn section was really smokin' on that last tune.

9. (slang) To beat someone at something.
   • 1987, Punch-Out!!, Nintendo, published 1990, Nintendo Entertainment System, level/area: Super Macho Man:

     Super Macho Man: 'I DON'T SMOKE... BUT TONIGHT I'M GONNA SMOKE YOU!'

   We smoked them at rugby.

10. (transitive, slang) To kill, especially with a gun.

    He got smoked by the mob.

    • 1993, Joseph T. Stanik, "Swift and Effective Retribution": The U.S. Sixth Fleet and the Confrontation with Qaddafi (The U.S. Navy in the Modern World Series; 3)‎^[3], Naval Historical Center:

      Ordnancemen stenciled bombs with “greetings” on behalf of friends and loved ones back home or slogans playing on beer and cigarette advertisements, like “To Muammar: For all you do, this bomb's for you” or “I'd fly 10,000 miles to smoke a camel.”

    • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World/Ballantine Books, page 191:

      I had never met my father, and Precious's daddy had gotten smoked before she was even born.

11. (transitive, slang, obsolete) To thrash; to beat.
12. (obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.
    • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

      He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

    • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

      I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

    • 1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

      Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

      The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

13. (slang, obsolete, transitive) To ridicule to the face; to mock.
14. To burn; to be kindled; to rage.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 29:20:

      The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall smoke against that man.

15. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.
    • 1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

      Proud of his steeds, he smokes along the field.

16. To suffer severely; to be punished.
    • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

      Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome.

17. (transitive, US military slang) To punish (a person) for a minor offense by excessive physical exercise.
18. (transitive) To cover (a key blank) with soot or carbon to aid in seeing the marks made by impressioning.

同意語

• (to inhale かつ exhale smoke from a burning cigarette): have a smoke

派生語

派生した語

• Dutch: smoken

参考

アナグラム

• Mesko, mokes