thereとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English there, ther, thare, thar, thore, from 古期英語 þēr, þǣr, þār (“there; at that place”), from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“at that place; there”), from Proto-Indo-European *tar- (“there”), from demonstrative pronominal base *to- (“the, that”) + adverbial suffix *-r.

Cognate with Scots thar, thair (“there”), North Frisian dear, deer, där (“there”), Saterland Frisian deer (“there”), West Frisian dêr (“there”), Dutch daar (“there”), Low German dar (“there”), German da, dar- (“there”), Danish der (“there”), Norwegian der (“there”), Swedish där (“there”), Icelandic þar (“in that place, there”).

発音

• (英国発音)
  • (強勢) IPA^(key): /ðɛə(ɹ)/, /ðɛː(ɹ)/
  • (弱勢) IPA^(key): /ðə(ɹ)/
  • (米国発音)
    • (強勢) IPA^(key): /ðɛɚ/, /ðɛɹ/
    • (弱勢) IPA^(key): /ðɚ/, /ðəɹ/
  • (General Australian)
    • (強勢) IPA^(key): /ðeː(ɹ)/
    • (弱勢) IPA^(key): /ðə(ɹ)/
  • 韻: -ɛə(ɹ)
  • 異形同音異義語: their, they're

副詞

there (not comparable)

1. (location) In a place or location (stated, implied または otherwise indicated) at some distance from the speaker (compare here).
   • c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     And in a dark and dankish vault at home / There left me and my man, both bound together;

   • 1769, King James Bible, Oxford Standard text, Genesis, 2, viii,

     The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     To veil the heav'n, tho' darkneſs there might well / Seem twilight here.

   • 2004, Carlin, George, “IS ANYONE THERE?”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎^[1], New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 117:

     (Phone rings)
     MAN: Hello. Philosophy Department.
     CALLER: Is Jack there?
     MAN: Well, what do we mean when we say, "Jack"? Is there really such an entity? Or is Jack simply a description? A label. There are countless people who call themselves Jack. Can they all be doing so accurately? And by the way, where is this "there" you speak of? As I listen to you, I experience your voice as a physical sensation within my head. Certainly Jack isn't in there. Wherever your entity called Jack is, it's probably safe to say that that is where he is. At least for the moment.

2. (figuratively) In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place.

   He did not stop there, but continued his speech.

   They patched up their differences, but matters did not end there.

   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

     The law, that threaten’d death, becomes thy friend / And turns it to exile; there art thou happy.

3. (location) To or into that place; thither.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     A knight there was, and that a worthy man / […]

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     And the rarest that e’er came there.

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

     So that wherever there is sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced, and present in the understanding.

   • 1769, King James Bible, Oxford Standard text, Job, 28, vii,

     There is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture's eye hath not seen:

4. (obsolete) Where, there where, in which place.
   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     And spende hir good ther it is resonable;

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

5. In this world, used to say that someone or something exists; see pronoun section below.
   • 1928 January, Captain Ferdinand Tuohy, “Why Don't We Fly?”, in Popular Science, page 144:

     These firms do not want the truth to get out and are financing these flights in the hope of dazzling the public. Yet the record of the gas engine is there for all to see.

使用する際の注意点

• The use of there instead of they're (meaning they are) or their (possessive form of they) is a common homophonic error in English writing.
• (to または into that place):
  • There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling attention to something, especially to something distant; such as in the phrases There, there!, See there and Look there!
  • There is often used as an expletive, and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb precedes its subject.
  • There is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a pronoun. See thereabout, thereafter, therefrom, etc.

同意語

• (at または in a place): over there, away there (at some distance); thither (古風な用法); yonder (古風な用法 または 方言)
• (to または into that place): over there, away there (at some distance); thither (古風な用法); yonder (古風な用法 または 方言)

間投詞

there

1. Used to offer encouragement or sympathy.

   There, there. Everything is going to turn out all right.

2. Used to express victory or completion.

   There! That knot should hold.

名詞

there (複数形 theres)

1. That place.
   • 1937, Gertrude Stein, Everybody's Autobiography, page 289:

     anyway what was the use of my having come from Oakland it was not natural to have come from there yes write about it if I like or anything if I like but not there, there is no there there.

   • 1993, Edward S. Casey, Getting back into place: toward a renewed understanding of the place-world, page 54:

     Some of these theres are actual, that is, situated in currently ... Other theres are only virtual

2. That status; that position.

   You rinse and de-string the green beans; I'll take it from there.

代名詞

there

1. Used as an expletive subject of be in its sense of “exist”, with the semantic, usually indefinite subject being postponed or (occasionally) implied.

   There are two apples on the table. [=Two apples are on the table.]

   There is no way to do it. [=No way to do it exists.]

   Is there an answer? [=Does an answer exist?]

   No, there isn't. [=No, one doesn't exist.]

   • 1908, C. H. Bovill (lyrics), Jerome D. Kern (music), There’s Something Rather Odd About Augustus, song from the musical Fluffy Ruffles,

     It's very sad but all the same, / There’s something rather odd about Augustus.

   • 1909, Leo Tolstoy, translator not mentioned, There are No Guilty People, in The Forged Coupon and Other Stories,

     There was a time when I tried to change my position, which was not in harmony with my conscience; […] .

   • 1918, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Constance Garnett (translator), Notes from Underground, Part 1, II,

     There are intentional and unintentional towns.

2. Used with other intransitive verbs of existence, in the same sense, or with other intransitive verbs, adding a sense of existence.

   If x is a positive number, then there exists [=there is] a positive number y less than x.

   There remain several problems with this approach. [=Several problems remain with this approach.]

   Once upon a time, in a now-forgotten kingdom, there lived a woodsman with his wife. [=There was a woodsman, who lived with his wife.]

   There arose a great wind out of the east. [=There was now a great wind, arising in the east.]

   • 1895, Sabine Baring-Gould, A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes: Nursery Songs, XXII: The Tree in the Wood,

     All in a wood there grew a fine tree,

   • 1897, James Baldwin, The Story of Abraham Lincoln: The Kentucky Home, in Four Great Americans,

     Not far from Hodgensville, in Kentucky, there once lived a man whose name was Thomas Lincoln.

   • 1904, Uriel Waldo Cutler, Stories of King Arthur and His Knights, Chapter XXXI: How Sir Launcelot Found the Holy Grail,

     On a night, as he slept, there came a vision unto him, and a voice said, "Launcelot, arise up, and take thine armour, and enter into the first ship that thou shalt find."

3. Used with other verbs, when raised.

   There seems to be some difficulty with the papers. [=It seems that there is some difficulty with the papers.]

   I expected there to be a simpler solution. [=I expected that there would be a simpler solution.]

   There are beginning to be complications. [=It's beginning to be the case that there are complications.]

   There have to be two people at the post.

4. (in combination with certain prepositions, no longer productive) That.

   therefor, thereat, thereunder

5. (colloquial) Appended to words of greeting etc.

   Hi there, young fellow.

   Oh, hello there, Bob, how are you doing?

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Hi there! I’m Anna and I live in Washington, D.C.

使用する際の注意点

• In formal English, the verb agrees with the semantic subject: “there is a tree”, “there are some trees”, “there seems to be a mistake”, “there seem to be some mistakes”, and so on. This is because the "there [form of be]" construction originally used, and could still be said to use, "there" as simply an adverb modifying "to be". However, the syntax is archaic enough that "there" is rarely recognized as an adverb. In colloquial usage, therefore, the verb is often found in the third-person singular form, even when the semantic subject is plural — “there’s some trees”, “there seems to be some mistakes” — but this is often considered incorrect.

派生語

• there are many ways to skin a cat, there's more than one way to skin a cat

短縮形

there

1. Misspelling of they’re.

限定詞

there

1. Misspelling of their.

派生語

参考

参照

• there at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Ehret, Ether, Reeth, ether, rethe, theer, three