cakeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka (“cake”) (compare Norwegian kake, Icelandic/Swedish kaka, Danish kage), from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ (“cake”), from Proto-Indo-European *gog- (“ball-shaped object”) (compare Persian کوکه Northern Kurdish gog (“ball”); Romanian gogoașă (“doughnut”) and gogă (“walnut, nut”); Lithuanian gúoge (“head of cabbage”)). Related to cookie, kuchen, and quiche. Doublet of coca.

発音

• enPR: kāk, IPA^(key): /keɪk/, [kʰeɪk]
• Rhymes: -eɪk

名詞

cake (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 cakes)

1. A rich, sweet dessert food, typically made of flour, sugar, and eggs and baked in an oven, and often covered in icing.

   Synonym: gateau

2. A small mass of baked dough, especially a thin loaf from unleavened dough.

   an oatmeal cake

   a johnnycake

3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake.

   buckwheat cakes

4. A block of any of various dense materials.

   Synonym: block

   a cake of soap

   a cake of sand

   • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Cakes of rustling ice come rolling down the flood.

5. (slang) A trivially easy task or responsibility; from a piece of cake.

   Synonyms: piece of cake; see also Thesaurus:easy thing

6. (slang) Money.
7. Used to describe the doctrine of having one's cake and eating it too.
   • 2018, The Guardian, "UK's aspirations for post-Brexit trade deal an illusion, says Donald Tusk", Daniel Boffey, Peter Walker, Jennifer Rankin, and Heather Stewart, 23 February 2018

     "It looks like the cake [and eat it] philosophy is still alive." Quote attributed to Donald Tusk.

8. (slang) A buttock, especially one that is exceptionally plump.

   Mmm, I'd like to cut me some of that cake!

9. (pyrotechnics) A multi-shot fireworks assembly comprising several tubes, each with a fireworks effect, lit by a single fuse.

使用する際の注意点

• In North America, a biscuit is a small, soft baked bread similar to a scone but not sweet. In some cases, it can be hard (see dog biscuit). In the United Kingdom, a biscuit is a small, crisp or firm, sweet baked good — the sort of thing which in North America is called a cookie. (Less frequently, British speakers refer to crackers as biscuits.) In North America, even small, layered baked sweets like Oreos are referred to as cookies, while in the UK, typically only those biscuits which have chocolate chips, nuts, fruit, or other things baked into them are also called cookies.
• Throughout the English-speaking world, thin, crispy, salty or savoury baked breads like in this image (saltine crackers) are called crackers, while thin, crispy, sweet baked goods like in this image (Nilla Wafers) and this image (wafer sticks) are wafers.
• Both the US and the UK distinguish crackers, wafers and cookies/biscuits from cakes: the former are generally hard or crisp and become soft when stale, while the latter is generally soft or moist and becomes hard when stale.

派生語

派生した語

• → Assamese: কে’ক (këk)
• → Cebuano: keyk
• → Dhivehi: ކޭކު‎ (kēku)
• → Dutch: kaak (spelling pronunciation), cake (also keek, older also kaaks, keeks)
• → Fiji Hindi: kek
• → French: cake
• → Gulf Arabic: كيك‎ (kēk)
• → Hijazi Arabic: كيكة‎ (kēka)
• → Japanese: ケーキ (kēki)
• → Korean: 케이크 (keikeu)
• → Nauruan: keik
• → Portuguese: queque
• → Russian: кек (kek)
• → Spanish: queque
• → Swahili: keki
• → Tagalog: keyk
• → Yoruba: kéèkì
• → Zulu: ikhekhe

From the plural cakes:

• → Danish: kiks (older also keks)
  • → Faroese: keks
  • → Icelandic: kex^[1]
• → German: Keks
  • → Belarusian: кекс (kjeks)
  • → Polish: keks
    • → Kashubian: keks
    • → Vilamovian: kēks
  • → Russian: кекс (keks)
  • → Ukrainian: кекс (keks)
  • → Macedonian: кекс (keks)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: kȅks, ке̏кс
  • → Hungarian: keksz
• → Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kjeks

  Nynorsk: kjeks

• → Swedish: kex
  • → Finnish: keksi

参考

• Category:Cakes and pastries

動詞

cake (三人称単数 現在形 cakes, 現在分詞 caking, 過去形および過去分詞形 caked)

1. (transitive) Coat (something) with a crust of solid material.

   Synonyms: crust, encrust

   His shoes are caked with mud.

2. (transitive) To form into a cake, or mass.
3. (intransitive) Of blood or other liquid, to dry out and become hard.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     Once we fell asleep, and, I think, must have slept for some hours, for, when we woke, our limbs were quite stiff, and the blood from our blows and scratches had caked, and was hard and dry upon our skin.

派生語

• anticaking

Further reading

• cake on Wikipedia.
• cake on Wikimedia Commons.

参照

アナグラム

• akçe