frostとは意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• froste (廃れた用法)

語源

From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of 古期英語 forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”). Cognate with West Frisian froast (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Swedish frost (“frost”), Icelandic frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /fɹɒst/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fɹɔst/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /fɹɑst/
• 韻: -ɒst, -ɔːst

名詞

frost (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 frosts)

1. A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
2. The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 31:40:

     Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.

   • 1748. David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 47.

     It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;

3. (figuratively) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], OCLC 742335644:

     It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow-wreath.

4. (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
5. A shade of white, like that of frost.

   frost:  

6. (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat.
7. (television) A kind of light diffuser.
   • 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television (page 9-26)

     Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.

派生語

動詞

frost (三人称単数 現在形 frosts, 現在分詞 frosting, 過去形および過去分詞形 frosted)

1. (transitive) To cover with frost.
2. (intransitive) To become covered with frost.
3. (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
4. (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy.

   I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.

5. (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
6. (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.

派生語

• frosting

アナグラム

• forts, frots