secondとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from 古期英語 ōþer (“other; next; second”)).

別の表記

• (number-two): 2nd, 2ⁿᵈ, 2d, 2ᵈ, IInd
• (number-two): II, II. (in the names of monarchs かつ popes)

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛkənd/
• (米国用法) enPR: sĕʹkənd, IPA^(key): /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/, /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛkɪnd/
• Rhymes: -ɛkənd
• Hyphenation: sec‧ond

形容詞

second (not comparable)

1. Number-two; following after the first one with nothing between them. The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number two.

   He lives on Second Street.

   The second volume in "The Lord of the Rings" series is called "The Two Towers".

   You take the first one, and I'll have the second.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior.
   • 1824, Walter Savage Landor, “Conversation I. Richard I and the Abbot of Boxley.”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume I, London: […] Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 6:

     May the day when we become the second people upon earth […] be the day of our utter extirpation!

3. Being of the same kind as one that has preceded; another.

   Residents of Texas prepared for Hurricane Harvey, which would in some ways turn out to become the second Hurricane Katrina.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 180, column 2:

     A Daniel ſtill ſay I, a ſecond Daniel, […]

同意語

• other

派生語

副詞

second (not comparable)

1. (with 最上級) After the first; at the second rank.

   Saturn is the second largest planet.

2. After the first occurrence but before the third.

   He is batting second today.

名詞

second (複数形 seconds)

1. Something that is number two in a series.
2. Something that is next in rank, quality, precedence, position, status, or authority.
3. The place that is next below or after first in a race or contest.
4. (usually in the plural) A manufactured item that, though still usable, fails to meet quality control standards.

   They were discounted because they contained blemishes, nicks or were otherwise factory seconds.

5. (usually in the plural) An additional helping of food.

   That was good barbecue. I hope I can get seconds.

6. A chance or attempt to achieve what should have been done the first time, usually indicating success this time around. (See second-guess.)
   • 2003, Sheila Ryan Wallace, The Sea Captain and His Ladies‎^[1], page 22:

     The policeman smiled, his eyes twinkling. "Now if you'll follow me, I'll escort you to the Victoria."
     "Oh, there's no need of that. If you'll just point me in the right direction..."
     That's what got you in trouble the first time around. You don't need a second.

   • 2009, Paulette Jiles, Stormy Weather‎^[2], page 37:

     Smoky Joe ran against a Houston horse named Cherokee Chief.
     “Don't hit him,” Jeanine said to the jockey. “Maybe once. But you don't get a second.”

   • 2011, Karen Miller, The Innocent Mage‎^[3]:

     I'll have one chance to show them that's no longer true. One chance ... and if I stumble, I'll not get a second.

7. (music) The interval between two adjacent notes in a diatonic scale (either または both of them may be raised または lowered from the basic scale via any type of accidental).
8. The second gear of an engine.
9. (baseball) Second base.
10. The agent of a party to an honour dispute whose role was to try to resolve the dispute or to make the necessary arrangements for a duel.^[1]
11. A Cub Scout appointed to assist the sixer.
    • 1995, Boy Scouts of Canada. National Council, The Cub Book

      Many packs have a sixer's council where the sixers, and sometimes the seconds, meet with Akela and some of the other leaders.

    Synonym: seconder

12. (informal) A second-class honours degree.
    • 2004, William H. Cropper, Great Physicists, page 454:

      [Stephen Hawking] […] would go to Cambridge, he said, if they gave him a first, and stay at Oxford if they gave him a second. He got a first.

関連する語

• (music): secundal (adj.)

動詞

second (三人称単数 現在形 seconds, 現在分詞 seconding, 過去形および過去分詞形 seconded)

1. (transitive) To agree as a second person to (a proposal), usually to reach a necessary quorum of two. (See under #Etymology 3 for translations.)

   I second the motion.

2. To follow in the next place; to succeed.
   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), new edition, London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

     In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately seconded with an ambitious hill.

   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, →OCLC:

     Sin is usually seconded with sin.

3. (climbing) To climb after a lead climber.

語源 2

From Middle English secunde, seconde, borrowed from Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta (“second diminished part (of the hour)”).

別の表記

• (SI unit of time): (abbreviations) s, sec; (symbols) s (SI かつ non-scientific usage), sec (in non-scientific usage only)
• (unit of angle): (abbreviations) arcsec, "

発音

• enPR: sĕʹkənd, IPA^(key): /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/
• (米国用法) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/, /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/
• Rhymes: -ɛkənd
• Hyphenation: sec‧ond

名詞

second (複数形 seconds)

1. One-sixtieth of a minute; the SI unit of time, defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.
2. A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a minute of arc or one part in 3600 of a degree.
3. (informal) A short, indeterminate amount of time.

   I'll be there in a second.

同意語

• (unit of angle): second of arc, arcsecond
• (short, indeterminate amount of time): (口語) sec
• Appendix:Words used as placeholders to count seconds

派生語

• ephemeris second
• leap second
• millisecond
• nanosecond
• second hand

語源 3

From Middle French seconder, from Latin secundō (“assist, make favorable”).

発音

Transfer temporarily

• enPR: səkŏnd', (英国用法) IPA^(key): /səˈkɒnd/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /səˈkɑnd/
• Rhymes: (英国用法) -ɒnd, (General 米国用法) -ɑnd
• Hyphenation: sec‧ond

Assist, Agree

• enPR: sĕʹkənd, IPA^(key): /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/, /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/
• Rhymes: -ɛkənd
• Hyphenation: sec‧ond

動詞

second (三人称単数 現在形 seconds, 現在分詞 seconding, 過去形および過去分詞形 seconded)

1. (transitive, UK) To transfer temporarily to alternative employment.

   The army officer was seconded while he held civil office.

   • 1961 October, “Talking of Trains: Last of the M.S.W.J.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 585-586:

     Things changed quickly from 1892 when Sam Fay was seconded from the L.S.W.R. as General Manager & Secretary.

   • 1998, Paul Leonard, chapter 9, in Dreamstone Moon:

     Daniel had still been surprised, however, to find the lab area deserted, all the scientists apparently seconded by Cleomides's military friends.

2. (transitive) To assist or support; to back.
   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 91, column 1:

     Wee haue Supplyes, to ſecond our Attempt: […]

   • 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], epistle I, London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC, line 61, page 6:

     In human works, tho’ labour’d on with pain, / A thouſand movements ſcarce one purpoſe gain; / In God's, one ſingle can its End produce, / Yet ſerves to ſecond too ſome other Uſe.

3. (transitive) To agree as a second person to (a proposal), usually to reach a necessary quorum of two. (This may come from the English adjective above.)

   I second the motion.

4. (transitive, music) To accompany by singing as the second performer.

派生語

• secondment
• secondee

名詞

second (複数形 seconds)

1. One who supports another in a contest or combat, such as a dueller's assistant.
   • 1820, Pierce Egan, Sporting Anecdotes, page 414:

     The dogs however parted, and after a little handling by their seconds immediately returned to the charge

   • 1973, Frank Brady, Bobby Fischer: Profile of a Prodigy, page 201:

     They find ways to take advice from their seconds or they arrange the schedule against you as they did to me in the finals of the 1962 World Tournament

   • 1992, International Courts for the Twenty-First Century, page 10:

     Vaguely reminiscent of the use of "seconds" among duelists, this provision required that the two hostile nations stop threatening each other and, instead, to let two appointed countries (their "seconds") try and solve their difficulties

   • 2009, David Brakke, Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early ...:

     Theodore's practice is described as a model for the housemasters and their seconds

2. One who supports or seconds a motion, or the act itself, as required in certain meetings to pass judgement etc.

   If we want the motion to pass, we will need a second.

3. (obsolete) Aid; assistance; help.
   • 1608, J. Fletcher, (Please provide the book title または journal name):

     Give second, and my love / Is everlasting thine.

Further reading

second on Wikipedia.

• arcsecond on Wikipedia.
• second on Wikipedia.(time)
• second (parliamentary procedure) on Wikipedia.
• second-hand goods on Wikipedia.
• Second in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

参照

• second at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• CODENs, coends, condes, consed, decons, sconed

形容詞

second-

1. As a modifier, the second in order.
   • second-best, second-largest, second-person, second-class, second-in-command etc..