floorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English flor, flore, from 古期英語 flōr (“floor, pavement, ground, bottom”), from Proto-Germanic *flōrō, *flōrô, *flōraz (“flat surface, floor, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros (“floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Cognate with West Frisian flier (“floor”), Dutch vloer (“floor”), German Flur (“field, floor, entrance hall”), Swedish flor (“floor of a cow stall”), Irish urlár (“floor”), Scottish Gaelic làr (“floor, ground, earth”), Welsh llawr (“floor, ground”), Latin plānus (“level, flat”).

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: flô, IPA^(key): /flɔː/
• (General American) enPR: flôr, IPA^(key): /floɹ/, [flo̞ɹ]
• (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) enPR: flōr, IPA^(key): /flo(ː)ɹ/
• (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /floə/
• (non-rhotic, dough-door merger, AAVE) IPA^(key): /floʊ/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)
• Homophone: flaw (in non-rhotic accents with the caught-court merger (most of England, Australia, New Zealand, New York))
• 異形同音異義語: flow, floe (non-rhotic with dough-door merger (AAVE, non-rhotic Southern 米国発音))

名詞

floor (複数形 floors)

1. The interior bottom or surface of a house or building; the supporting surface of a room.

   The room has a wooden floor.

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0016:

     A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.

2. (proscribed) Ground (surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky または water または underground).
3. The lower inside surface of a hollow space.

   Many sunken ships rest on the ocean floor.

   The floor of a cave served the refugees as a home.

   The pit floor showed where a ring of post holes had been.

4. A structure formed of beams, girders, etc, with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into storeys/stories.
5. The supporting surface or platform of a structure such as a bridge.

   Wooden planks of the old bridge's floor were nearly rotten.

6. A storey/story of a building.

   For years we lived on the third floor.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.

7. In a parliament, the part of the house assigned to the members, as opposed to the viewing gallery.
8. Hence, the right to speak at a given time during a debate or other public event.

   Will the senator from Arizona yield the floor?

   The mayor often gives a lobbyist the floor.

9. (nautical) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.
10. (mining) A horizontal, flat ore body; the rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.
11. (mining) The bottom of a pit, pothole or mine^[1].
12. (mathematics) The largest integer less than or equal to a given number.

    The floor of 4.5 is 4.

13. (gymnastics) An event performed on a floor-like carpeted surface; floor exercise
14. (gymnastics) A floor-like carpeted surface for performing gymnastic movements.
15. (finance) A lower limit on the interest rate payable on an otherwise variable-rate loan, used by lenders to defend against falls in interest rates. Opposite of a cap.
16. A dance floor.
    • 1983, "Maniac", Michael Sembello and Dennis Matkosky:

      She's a maniac, maniac on the floor / And she's dancing like she never danced before

    • 1987, "Walk the Dinosaur", Was (Not Was):

      Open the door, get on the floor / Everybody walk the dinosaur

17. The trading floor of a stock exchange, pit; the area in which business is conducted at a convention or exhibition.
18. The area of a casino where gambling occurs.

    • 2004, Tim Hatton, Tock Tock Birds: A Spider in the Web of International Terrorism‎^[2], page 284:

      At each table stood a young, slim, poker-faced croupier serving the punters who anxiously watched the turning of the cards. The next two floors were similar though not quite as spectacular and the stakes were lower.

19. The area of an establishment where food and drink are served to customers.

    • 1947 March 18, U.S Government Printing Office, Proceedings and Debates of the Congress, Eightieth Congress, First Session, page 2206:

      The conference started as an impromptu session in the coffee shop this morning when waitresses walked off the floor rather than serve four Negro men and women delegates.

同意語

• (bottom part of a room): see Thesaurus:floor
• (right to speak): possession (英国用法)

反意語

• ceiling

派生語

関連する語

動詞

floor (三人称単数 現在形 floors, 現在分詞 flooring, 過去形および過去分詞形 floored)

1. (transitive) To cover or furnish with a floor.

   floor a house with pine boards

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[3]:

     The huge square box, parquet-floored and high-ceilinged, had been arranged to display a suite of bedroom furniture designed and made in the halcyon days of the last quarter of the nineteenth century, […].

2. To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down.
   • 1821, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (volume 8, page 67)

     Sam floored him perpetually, and beat his face to a jelly, without getting a scratch.

3. (informal, dated) To hang (a picture on exhibition) near the base of a wall, where it cannot easily be seen.

   Antonym: sky

4. (driving, transitive, slang) To push (a pedal) down to the floor, especially to accelerate.

   our driver floored the pedal

5. (informal, transitive) To silence by a conclusive answer or retort.

   floor an opponent

   • c. 1827-1833, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Notes on Hacket:

     Floored or crushed by him.

6. (informal, transitive) To amaze or greatly surprise.

   We were floored by his confession.

   • 2021 June 3, Katherine Eban, “The Lab-Leak Theory: Inside the Fight to Uncover COVID-19’s Origins”, in Vanity Fair‎^[4]:

     Some of the attendees were “absolutely floored,” said an official familiar with the proceedings. That someone in the U.S. government could “make an argument that is so nakedly against transparency, in light of the unfolding catastrophe, was…shocking and disturbing.”

7. (colloquial, transitive) To finish or make an end of.
   • 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], Tom Brown at Oxford: […], (please specify |part=1 または 2), Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, OCLC 2753050:

     I've floored my little-go work

   floor a college examination

8. (mathematics) To set a lower bound.

   floored division

参照

Further reading

• Floor (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• Floor in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• Floro