bareとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bare, bar, from 古期英語 bær (“bare, naked, open”), from Proto-West Germanic *baʀ, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare, naked”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰosós, from *bʰos- (“bare, barefoot”).

Cognate with Scots bare, bair (“bare”), Saterland Frisian bar (“bare”), West Frisian baar (“bare”), Dutch baar (“bare”), German bar (“bare”), Swedish bar (“bare”), Icelandic ber (“bare”), Lithuanian basas (“barefoot, bare”), Polish bosy (“barefoot”).

形容詞

bare (comparative barer, superlative barest)

1. Minimal; that is or are just sufficient.

   a bare majority

   • 1711 May 30 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison, “SATURDAY, May 19, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 69; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

     Nature indeed furnishes us with the bare necessaries of life, but traffic gives us a great variety of what is useful

2. Naked, uncovered.
   • 1961, Roald Dahl, James and the Giant Peach, Knopf, page 46:

     "I refuse to show myself out of doors in my bare feet," the Centipede said. "I have to get my boots on again first."

3. Having no supplies.

   a room bare of furniture

   The cupboard was bare.

   • 2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, New York Times, retrieved 31 October 2012:

     Localities across New Jersey imposed curfews to prevent looting. In Monmouth, Ocean and other counties, people waited for hours for gasoline at the few stations that had electricity. Supermarket shelves were stripped bare.

4. Having no decoration.

   The walls of this room are bare — why not hang some paintings on them?

5. Having had what usually covers (something) removed.

   The trees were left bare after the swarm of locusts devoured all the leaves.

6. (MLE, MTE, Yorkshire, slang, not comparable) A lot or lots of.

   It's bare money to get in the club each time, man.

   It's taking bare time.

   • 2005 July 13, quoting Ryan, “‘We like the easy money. We like the lifestyle’”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     The phone would answer, we'd go round the corner, pass something to someone, go back and we'd have bare dough, we'd have bare money in our pocket.

   • 2016 December 3, Millie B (lyrics かつ music), “Soph Aspin Send”, performed by Millie B:

     You shagged bare lads, you're a little sket / Have you heard your bars? They're fucking pept

   • 2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia; Raine Allen-Miller, director, Rye Lane, spoken by Nathan (Simon Manyonda):

     Oh, come on. Help a brother out. People see you coppin', might inspire them. Look, I know you ain't payin' bills right now. Man must have bare peas saved up.

7. With head uncovered; bareheaded.
   • [1633], George Herbert, “The Church-porch”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple: Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, […], 1885, →OCLC, page 14:

     When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. / God is more there, then thou: for thou art there / Onely by his permiſſion.

8. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.
   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, line 903, page 56:

     Bare in thy guilt how foul muſt thou appear?

9. (figuratively) Mere; without embellishment.

   bare essentials; bare necessities

   • 1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Chapter XII:

     Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.

10. Threadbare, very worn.
    • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

      for it appears, by their bare liveries, that they live by your bare words.

11. Not insured.
    • 1987 December 1, ABA Journal, page 86:

      Before the company was formed, the firm went bare for about three months in 1985, but it now has prior acts coverage for that time.

    • 1994, David S. Haviland, The Architect's Handbook of Professional Practice, page 310:

      That a firm chooses to go bare has no effect on whether it gets sued or not.

同意語

• (minimal): mere, minimal
• (without a condom): Thesaurus:condomless
• (naked): exposed, naked, nude, uncovered, undressed
• (having no supplies): empty, unfurnished, unstocked, unsupplied
• (having no decoration): empty, plain, unadorned, undecorated
• (having had what usually covers (something) removed): despoiled, stripped, uncovered

反意語

• (minimal): ample, plentiful, sufficient
• (naked): covered, covered up, dressed, unexposed
• (having no supplies): full, furnished, stocked, supplied, well-stocked
• (having no decoration): adorned, decorated, ornate
• (having had what usually covers (something) removed): covered

派生語

副詞

bare

1. (dialect) Barely.
   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     The fiend had bare departed when Ailie came over the threshold to find the auld carline glunching over the fire.

   • 2009, Allan Cole; Chris Bunch, The Wars of the Shannons:

     He finally came back to himself and asked why the furor. "Why," Lucy said, "because this is Christmas Eve. We have bare enough time to get ready for the ball, after dinner, as it is."

   • 2011, Elizabeth Vaughan, Warprize:

     “I've bare enough for these two, much less fill your belly.”

2. (MLE, slang) Very; significantly.

   That pissed me off bare.

   That's bare stupid.

3. (slang) Without a condom.
   • 2000, Northeast African Studies - Volume 7, page 119:

     While none of the participants had complete confidence in condoms, they continued to use them as a better alternative than “going in bare".

   • 2002, The Society of Malawi Journal - Volumes 55-58, page 70:

     It would be fine to have these women bare, without condoms.

   • 2010, M. L. Matthews, I Am Not the Father: Narratives of Men Falsely Accused of Paternity, →ISBN:

     I like to go bare. I don't like wearing condoms, actually I hate 'em.

名詞

bare (複数形 bares)

1. (‘the bare’) The surface, the (bare) skin.
   • 1599, John Marston, Antonio and Mellida:

     In sad good earnest, sir, you have toucht the very bare of naked truth [...]

   • 2002, Darren Shan, Hunters of the dusk: 7:

     Vancha clasped the bare of my neck and squeezed amiably.

2. Surface; body; substance.
   • c. 1599 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], The History of Antonio and Mellida. The First Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Mathewe Lownes, and Thomas Fisher, […], published 1602, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     You have touched the very bare of naked truth.

3. (architecture) That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.

語源 2

From Middle English baren, from 古期英語 barian, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną (“to bare, make bare”).

動詞

bare (三人称単数 現在形 bares, 現在分詞 baring, 過去形および過去分詞形 bared)

1. (transitive, sometimes figuratively) To uncover; to reveal.

   She bared her teeth at him.

   The tabloid newspaper promised to bare all.

使用する際の注意点

The verb should not be confused with the verb bear.

同意語

• (uncover): expose, lay bare, reveal, show, uncover; see also Thesaurus:reveal

反意語

• (uncover): cover, cover up, hide

派生語

語源 3

Inflected forms.

動詞

bare

1. (obsolete) simple past tense of bear
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Chronicles 15:15:

     And the children of the Levites bare the ark of God upon their shoulders with the staves thereon

   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 5, in Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934:

     And so I put thee on my shoulder and bare thee back, and here thou art in David's room, and shalt find board and bed with me as long as thou hast mind to

参照

• “bare”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “bare”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Jonathon Green (2023), “bare adj.”, in Green's Dictionary of Slang

アナグラム

• Aber, Bear, Brea, Reba, bear, brae, rabe