breastとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English brest, from 古期英語 brēost, from Proto-West Germanic *breust, from Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”). Compare West Frisian boarst, Danish bryst, Swedish bröst; cf. also Dutch borst, German Brust.

発音

• enPR: brĕst, IPA^(key): /bɹɛst/
• 韻: -ɛst
• Homophone: Brest

名詞

breast (複数形 breasts)

1. (anatomy) Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.

   Tanya's breasts grew remarkably during pregnancy.

2. (anatomy) The chest, or front of the human thorax.
   • 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner:

     The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast, / For he heard the loud bassoon.

3. A section of clothing covering the breast area.
   • 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 45:

     By the time he reached the War Memorial damp had soaked through the breasts of his shirt.

4. The figurative seat of the emotions, feelings etc.; one's heart or innermost thoughts.

   She kindled hope in the breast of all who heard her.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     He has a loyal breast.

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     […] Thou best know'st
     What torment I did find thee in. Thy groans
     Did make wolves howl, and penetrate the breasts
     Of ever-angry bears— it was a torment
     To lay upon the damn'd, which Sycorax
     Could not again undo. It was mine art,
     When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape
     The pine and let thee out.

   • 1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 1:

     Muſick has Charms to ſooth a ſavage Breaſt, / To ſoften Rocks, or bend a knotted Oak.

5. The ventral portion of an animal's thorax.

   The robin has a red breast.

6. A choice cut of poultry, especially chicken or turkey, taken from the bird’s breast; also a cut of meat from other animals, breast of mutton, veal, pork.

   Would you like breast or wing?

8. The front or forward part of anything.

   chimney breast

   plough breast

   • a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

     Mountains on whose barren breast / The labouring clouds do often rest.

   • 2015 April 7, Jeff Howell, “The secret of longer lasting tiles [print version: How to avoid cracking up, 4 April 2015, p. P7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property)‎^[1], archived from the original on 22 April 2015:

     If you burn wood on its own, the flue gases are cooler than from a coal fire. This can result in tars condensing out within the parging and brickwork of the flue, sometimes causing brown or yellow staining on upstairs chimney breasts.

9. (mining) The face of a coal working.
10. (mining) The front of a furnace.
11. (obsolete) The power of singing; a musical voice.
    • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

      By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast.

12. (swimming) The breaststroke.

同意語

• (female organs): See also Thesaurus:breasts
• (chest): chest
• (seat of emotions): heart, soul
• (cut of poultry): white meat
• (cut of meat): brisket

反意語

• (cut of poultry): thigh, wing, dark meat

派生語

動詞

breast (三人称単数 現在形 breasts, 現在分詞 breasting, 過去形および過去分詞形 breasted)

1. (transitive, often figurative) To push against with the breast; to meet full on, oppose, face.
   • 1817, William Wirt, Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry‎^[2], page 22:

     […] when the court, very much to the credit of their candour and firmness, breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer.

2. To reach the top (of a hill).

   He breasted the hill and saw the town before him.

   • 1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 8:

     With the sea below us grey and storm swept, and the coast line vague in the driving rain, we forged our way up the bank to breast the summit at 37 m.p.h.

   • 1960 March, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 178:

     But this was excelled by the remarkable feat of Iron Duke, on the second run, in accelerating from a dead start at Miller's Dale up 1 in 90 to no less than 53 m.p.h. before breasting the summit at Peak Forest.

3. (transitive, cooking) To debreast.
   • 2005, Texas Judicial Cookbook: Hello There!:

     Breast the birds; wash and dry well. Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Place the birds in a roasting pan.

アナグラム

• Baster, Be star, Sterba, Tarbes, abrest, barest, baster, bestar, rebats, tabers