thouとは 意味・読み方・使い方
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「thou」を含む例文一覧
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Wiktionary英語版での「thou」の意味 |
thou
語源 1
From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from 古期英語 þū,[1] from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (単数形), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).
The English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).[2]
The informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not 古期英語) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.
発音
代名詞
thou (複数形 ye, objective case thee, 再帰的用法 thyself, possessive determiner thy または thine, possessive pronoun thine)
- (archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, または humorous) Nominative singular of ye (“you”). [chiefly up to early 17th c.]
- 1742 April 4, Charles Wesley, A Sermon Preached on Sunday, April 4, 1742. Before the University of Oxford, London: Printed by J. Paramore, […], published 1783, →OCLC, page 10:
- Art thou in earnest about thy soul? and canst thou tell the Searcher of Hearts, Thou, O God, art the thing that I long for? Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou knowest that I would love thee?
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:thou.
使用する際の注意点
- When the subject of a verb in the indicative mood is thou, the verb usually ends in -est, in both the present and simple past tenses, as in “Lovest thou me?” (from John 21:17 of the King James Bible). This is the case even for modal verbs, which do not specially conjugate for the third person singular. A few verbs have irregular present forms: art (of be), hast (of have), dost (of do), wost (of wit), canst (of can), shalt (of shall), wilt (of will). Must does not change. In weak past tenses, the ending is either -edest or contracted -edst. In the subjunctive, as is normal, the bare form is usually used. However, thou beest is sometimes used instead of thou be.
- Traditionally, use of thou and ye followed the T–V distinction, thou being the informal pronoun and ye, the plural, being used in its place in formal situations. This is preserved in the dialects in which thou is still in everyday use, but in Standard English, due to the pronoun’s association with religious texts and poetry, some speakers find it more solemn or even formal.
- Occasionally thou was, and to a lesser extent still is, used to represent a translated language’s second-person singular-plural distinction, disregarding English’s T-V distinction by translating the second-person singular as thou even where English would likely use ye instead. It is also sometimes still used to represent a translated language’s T-V distinction.
別の表記
派生語
- holier-than-thou
- thou'dst
- thou'lt
- thou'rt
- thou'st
参考
語源 2
From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.[3]
動詞
thou (三人称単数 現在形 thous, 現在分詞 thouing, 過去形および過去分詞形 thoued)
- (transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.
- 1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:
- Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.
- 1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:
- 1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:
- (intransitive) To use the word thou.
- 2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:
- You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and "theeing" and "thouing" all over the place.
関連する語
- tutoy, tutoyer
語源 3
名詞
- (Britain) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).
- 2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:
語源 4
名詞
thou (複数形 thou)
- (slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).
参照
- ^ “thǒu, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Compare “thou, pron. and n.1”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2012; “thou1, pron.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “thǒuen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 July 2019; “thou, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2012.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “thou, n.2”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2012; “thou2, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
- thou on Wikipedia.
- thou (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
アナグラム
- Hout, Huot, hout
Weblio例文辞書での「thou」に類似した例文 |
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thou
you
his
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あご
かま
ふた
yes
a trumpet
who
むら
a village
to speak with a provincial accent
どのもの
which
he―she
what
what
「thou」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 284件
Search not the wound too deep, lest thou make a new one.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
傷を深くえぐってはならない、傷を新たに作ることになるから。 - Tanaka Corpus
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Copyright (C) 1994- Nichigai Associates, Inc., All rights reserved. 「斎藤和英大辞典」斎藤秀三郎著、日外アソシエーツ辞書編集部編 |
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