dustとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /dʌst/
• 韻: -ʌst
• Homophone: dost

名詞

dust (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 dusts)

1. Fine particles
   1. (uncountable) Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, etc.
      • 2022 September 7, “East-West track laying heads westwards”, in RAIL, number 965, page 37, photo caption:

        There is so much dust released during the process of laying ballast that the trackside operator wears a full face mask with respirator.

   2. (astronomy, uncountable) Submicron particles in outer space, largely silicates and carbon compounds, that contribute greatly to extinction at visible wavelengths.
      • 2020 June 29, Paun Rincon, “Betelgeuse: Nearby 'supernova' star's dimming explained”, in BBC News:

        Astronomers have previously considered that dust produced by the star was obscuring it, causing the steep decline in brightness.

   3. (obsolete) A single particle of earth or other material.
      • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

        to touch a dust of England's ground

2. (countable) The act of cleaning by dusting.
   • 2010, Joan Busfield, Michael Paddon, Thinking About Children: Sociology and Fertility in Post-War England, page 150:

     […] once they start school, I mean you can do a room out one day, the next day it only needs a dust, doesn't it?

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 7:21:

     For now shall I sleep in the dust.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.
   • 1833 (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “St. Simeon Stylites”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 62:

     For I will leave my relics in your land, / And you may carve a shrine about my dust, / And burn a fragrant lamp before my bones, / When I am gather'd to the glorious saints.

5. (figurative) Something worthless.
   • c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust.

6. (figurative) A low or mean condition.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 2:8:

     [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust.

7. (slang, dated) cash; money (in reference to gold dust).
   • 1852, George Colvocoresses, Four Years in a Government Exploring Expedition:

     'And what do you ask for it?' 'Fifteen thousand dollars.' 'I'll take it.' 'Then down with the dust.'

8. (colloquial) A disturbance or uproar.

   to raise, or kick up, a dust

9. (mathematics) A totally disconnected set of points with a fractal structure.
10. (cryptocurrencies) Tiny amounts of cryptocurrency left over after a transaction due to rounding error.

派生語

動詞

dust (三人称単数 現在形 dusts, 現在分詞 dusting, 過去形および過去分詞形 dusted)

1. (transitive) To remove dust from.

   The cleaning lady needs a stool to dust the cupboard.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.

2. (intransitive) To remove dust; to clean by removing dust.

   Dusting always makes me cough.

3. (intransitive) Of a bird, to cover itself in sand or dry, dusty earth.
4. (transitive) To spray or cover something with fine powder or liquid.

   The mother dusted her baby's bum with talcum powder.

5. (chiefly US slang) To leave; to rush off.
   • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 75:

     He added in a casual tone: ‘The girl can dust. I'd like to talk to you a little, soldier.’

6. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate.
   • 1667, Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society of London:

     good Powder differs from bad […] in having more Peter and less Coal; and lastly, in the well dusting of it

7. (slang) To kill.
   • 1984, The Terminator, spoken by Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), Los Angeles, Calif.: Orion Pictures; distributed by MGM Home Entertainment, published 1984:

     Kyle Reese: You have to be careful because the [Hunter-Killer robots] use infrared. They're not too bright. John taught us ways to dust them.

8. (cryptocurrencies) To attempt to identify the owner of (a cryptocurrency wallet) by sending tiny amounts of cryptocurrency.

派生語

• dust bunny
• dust down
• duster
• dust off
• dust up
• dust someone's jacket
• undust

参考

• vacuum cleaner

アナグラム

• UDTs, duts, stud

語源

From Proto-Germanic *dunstą (“dust, vapour”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“vapour, smoke”). Akin to Hindi धुआं (dhuā̃, “smoke”), Middle Dutch dost, donst, duust (Dutch dons, duist), Old High German tunst, dunst (German Dunst), Low German dust, Icelandic dust, Norwegian dust, Danish dyst.

発音

• IPA^(key): /duːst/

名詞

dūst n

1. dust; powder; mill dust

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: dust, doust
  • English: dust
  • Scots: dust, dist