refuseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: rĕfʹyo͞os, IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛfjuːs/

形容詞

refuse (comparative more refuse, superlative most refuse)

1. Discarded, rejected.

名詞

refuse (uncountable)

1. Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.

同意語

• discards
• garbage (米国用法)
• rubbish (英国用法)
• trash (米国用法)
• See also Thesaurus:trash

語源 2

From Middle English refusen, from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Classical Latin refūtāre and recūtāre.

発音

• enPR: rĭfyo͞ozʹ, IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
• Rhymes: -uːz

動詞

refuse (三人称単数 現在形 refuses, 現在分詞 refusing, 過去形および過去分詞形 refused)

1. (transitive) To decline (a request または demand).

   My request for a pay rise was refused.

2. (intransitive) To decline a request or demand, forbear; to withhold permission.

   I refuse to listen to this nonsense any more.

   I asked the star if I could have her autograph, but she refused.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 1:20:

     If ye refuse […] ye shall be devoured with the sword.

   • 2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     City were outclassed thereafter and Roberto Mancini said that substitute Carlos Tevez refused to play.

   • 2018, Michael Cottakis – LSE, “Colliding worlds: Donald Trump and the European Union”, in LSE's blog‎^[2]:

     Trump has explicitly refused to deal with the European Commission, seeking instead to conduct bilateral relations with individual EU countries.

   • 2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 58:

     My thoughts are disturbed by a man and pooch trying to get off the front of the train. Despite hitting the door button, they refused to open.

3. (military) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the centre, a wing, または a flank), out of the regular alignment when troops are about to engage the enemy.

   to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks

4. (obsolete, transitive) To disown.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Refuse thy name.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs.

Conjugation

同意語

• (decline): decline, reject, nill, say no to, turn down, veto, withsake, withsay
• (decline a request または demand): say no, forbear

名詞

refuse

1. (obsolete) refusal
   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Twelfth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 13, page 215:

     This ſpoken, readie with a proud refuſe [...]

語源 3

re- +‎ fuse

発音

• enPR: rēfyo͞ozʹ, IPA^(key): /ɹiːˈfjuːz/
• Rhymes: -uːz

動詞

refuse (三人称単数 現在形 refuses, 現在分詞 refusing, 過去形および過去分詞形 refused)

1. To melt again.

Conjugation

関連する語

• refusion

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reˈfuː.se/, [rɛˈfuːs̠ɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈfu.se/, [reˈfuːs̬e]

Participle

refūse

1. vocative masculine singular of refūsus

参照

• “refuse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

動詞

re-fuse (三人称単数 現在形 re-fuses, 現在分詞 re-fusing, 過去形および過去分詞形 re-fused)

1. (transitive) To fit with another fuse.
   • 1897, American Electrician: Volume 9

     The plugs are made of porcelain in one piece, and can readily be re-fused, as with these boards it is not necessary to open a circuit switch to re-fuse a circuit […]

   • 1953, The Electrical Journal: Volume 150

     It incorporates the same simple re-fusing device as is used in the standard Ediswan Clix BS 1363 Fused Plug, and the adaptor outlet is shuttered.