retrogradeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin retrōgradus, from retrō (“backwards”) + gradus (“step”).

形容詞

retrograde (comparative more retrograde, superlative most retrograde)

1. Directed backwards, retreating; reverting, especially to an inferior state, declining; inverse, reverse; movement opposite to normal or intended motion, often circular motion.

   retrograde ideas, morals, etc.

   • 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 74]:

     Such retrograde people still exist, resisting modernity, dragging their feet.

2. Counterproductive to a desired outcome.
   • 1601 - William Shakespeare, Hamlet Act I Scene ii.

     In going back to school in Wittenberg, / It is most retrograde to our desire:/ And we beseech you, bend you to remain

3. (astronomy, of a body orbiting another) In the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.
4. (geology) Describing a metamorphic change resulting from a decreasing pressure or temperature.
5. (by extension, of a person) A person who opposes social reforms, favoring the maintenance of the status quo, conservative.

同意語

• traditionalist
• reactionary

反意語

• liberal
• reformist
• progressist

関連する語

語源 2

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

名詞

retrograde (複数形 retrogrades)

1. A degenerate person.
2. (music) The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last and what is played last in the original melody is played first.

語源 3

From Latin retrōgradior or Late Latin retrogredere (retro- (“back”) + gradi (“walk”)).

動詞

retrograde (三人称単数 現在形 retrogrades, 現在分詞 retrograding, 過去形および過去分詞形 retrograded)

1. (intransitive) To move backwards; to recede; to retire; to decline; to revert.
   • 1845, Joseph C. Neal, “The Moral of Goslyne Greene, who was Born to a Fortune”, in The Gift: A Christmas, New Year, and Birthday Present, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey and Hart, OCLC 2914286, page 68:

     A dabble in the stocks does not always turn out profitably; cotton is sometimes heavy on our hands, and real estate will sulkily retrograde, when, by the calculation, it ought to have advanced.

2. (intransitive, astronomy) To show retrogradation.

反意語

• prograde
• direct

関連する語

アナグラム

• retrogarde