stepとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English steppen, from 古期英語 steppan (“to step, go, proceed, advance”), stepe (“step”), from Proto-Germanic *stapjaną (“to step”), *stapiz (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *stab- (“to support, stomp, curse, be amazed”). Cognate with West Frisian stappe (“to step”), North Frisian stape (“to walk, trudge”), Dutch stappen (“to step, walk”), Walloon steper (“to walk away, leave”), German stapfen (“to trudge, stomp, plod”) and further to Slavic Polish stąpać (“to stomp, stamp, step, tread”), Russian ступать (stupatʹ) and Polish stopień (“step, stair, rung, degree”), Russian степень (stepenʹ). Related to stamp, stomp.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /stɛp/
• ハイフネーション: step
• 韻: -ɛp
• Homophone: steppe

名詞

step (複数形 steps)

1. An advance or movement made from one foot to the other; a pace.
   • 1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter III, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, OCLC 40817384:

     Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.

   • For more examples of usage of this term, see Citations:step.
2. A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a rung of a ladder.
   • (Can we date this quote by Sir Henry Wotton かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The breadth of every single step or stair should be never less than one foot.

   • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 4, in The Celebrity:

     One morning I had been driven to the precarious refuge afforded by the steps of the inn, after rejecting offers from the Celebrity to join him in a variety of amusements. But even here I was not free from interruption, for he was seated on a horse-block below me, playing with a fox terrier.

   • 1967, Sleigh, Barbara, Jessamy, 1993 edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 122:

     Through the open front door ran Jessamy, down the steps to where Kitto was sitting at the bottom with the pram beside him.

   • For more examples of usage of this term, see Citations:step.
3. A distinct part of a process; stage; phase.

   He improved step by step, or by steps.

   The first step is to find a job.

4. A running board where passengers step to get on and off the bus.

   The driver must have a clear view of the step in order to prevent accidents.

5. The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.

   One step is generally about three feet, but may be more or less.

   • (Can we date this quote by Isaac Newton かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena, and afterwards to tell us how the properties and actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, would be a very great step in philosophy.

6. A small space or distance.

   It is but a step.

7. A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.
8. A gait; manner of walking.

   The approach of a man is often known by his step.

   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,

     Warwick passed through one of the wide brick arches and traversed the building with a leisurely step.

   • For more examples of usage of this term, see Citations:step.
9. Proceeding; measure; action; act.
   • 1717, Alexander Pope, Preface to his collection of poems

     The reputation of a man depends on the first steps he makes in the world.

   • (Can we date this quote by William Cowper かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Beware of desperate steps. The darkest day, Live till to-morrow, will have passed away.

   • (Can we date this quote by George Washington Cable かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     I have lately taken steps […] to relieve the old gentleman's distresses.

   • 2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Moon has also requested that government officials take additional steps to help fight pollution, his spokesman said.

10. (複数形) A walk; passage.
    • (Can we date this quote by John Dryden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

      Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree.

11. (複数形) A portable framework of stairs, much used indoors in reaching to a high position.
12. (nautical) A framing in wood or iron which is intended to receive an upright shaft; specifically, a block of wood, or a solid platform upon the keelson, supporting the heel of the mast.
13. (machines) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of stairs, as one of the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the belt runs.
14. (machines) A bearing in which the lower extremity of a spindle or a vertical shaft revolves.
15. (music) The interval between two contiguous degrees of the scale.

    Usage note: The word tone is often used as the name of this interval; but there is evident incongruity in using tone for indicating the interval between tones. As the word scale is derived from the Italian scala, a ladder, the intervals may well be called steps.

16. (kinematics) A change of position effected by a motion of translation.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of William Kingdon Clifford to this entry?)

17. (programming) A constant difference between consecutive values in a series.

    Printing from 0 to 9 with a step of 3 will display 0, 3, 6 and 9.

18. (slang) A stepsibling.
    • 2016, Robert M. Herzog, A World Between:

      So for Richard and Barbara, Jeff and Kari, the impossibly varied collection of steps and halves that is another legacy of my father.

同意語

• stride

下位語

• back step, half step, etc. see under back, half, etc.
• cyclic step

派生語

• cross-step (a step in which one foot is crossed over another; the action of taking such a step または steps)
• step-by-step
• step-free
• stepmeal
• stepwise

関連する語

動詞

step (third-person singular simple present steps, present participle stepping, simple past stepped or (dated) stept or (廃れた用法) stope, past participle stepped or (dated) stept or (廃れた用法) stopen)

1. (intransitive) To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by raising and moving one of the feet to another resting place, or by moving both feet in succession.
2. (intransitive) To walk; to go on foot; especially, to walk a little distance.
   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

   to step to one of the neighbors

3. (intransitive) To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.
   • Home the swain retreats, His flock before him stepping to the fold. — James Thomson
4. (intransitive, figuratively) To move mentally; to go in imagination.
   • 1715, Homer; [Alexander] Pope, transl., “Book preface”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume I, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott between the Temple-Gates, OCLC 670734254:

     They are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest antiquity.

5. (transitive) To set, as the foot.
   • 2010, Charles E. Miller, Winds of Mercy: 40 Short Stories (page 219)

     One of the women, Elsie, stepped her foot inside to help the woman.

6. (transitive, nautical) To fix the foot of (a mast) in its step; to erect.
   • 1898, Joseph Conrad, Youth

     We put everything straight, stepped the long-boat's mast for our skipper, who was in charge of her, and I was not sorry to sit down for a moment.

派生語

参考

• step-

Further reading

• step in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• step at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• EPTs, ESTP, PETs, Pest, Sept, Sept., TPEs, Teps, pest, pets, sept, sept-, spet

接頭辞

step-

1. A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent.

派生語

参照

• step- in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

アナグラム

• EPTs, ESTP, PETs, Sept, Sept., TPEs, Teps, pest, pets, sept, sept-, spet