nailとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English nail, nayl, 古期英語 næġl, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”).

名詞

The nail (sense 1) of a thumb

A metal nail (fastener; sense 5)

nail (複数形 nails)

1. The thin, horny plate at the ends of fingers and toes on humans and some other animals.

   When I'm nervous I bite my nails.

2. The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera.
3. The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds.
4. The claw of a bird or other animal.
5. A spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials. The nail is generally driven through two or more layers of material by means of impacts from a hammer or other device. It is then held in place by friction.
   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

6. A round pedestal on which merchants once carried out their business, such as the four nails outside The Exchange, Bristol.
7. An archaic English unit of length equivalent to ¹⁄₂₀ of an ell or ¹⁄₁₆ of a yard (2+¹⁄₄ inches または 5.715 cm).

派生語

参考

• claw
• talon

語源 2

From Middle English naylen, from 古期英語 næġlan.

動詞

nail (三人称単数 現在形 nails, 現在分詞 nailing, 過去形および過去分詞形 nailed)

1. (transitive) To fix (an object) to another object using a nail.

   Coordinate terms: pin, rivet, screw; see also Thesaurus:join

   He nailed the placard to the post.

2. (intransitive) To drive a nail.

   Synonym: hammer

   He used the ax head for nailing.

3. (transitive) To stud or boss with nails, or as if with nails.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The rivets of their arms were nail'd with gold.

4. (slang) To catch.

   Synonyms: arrest, collar, nick; see also Thesaurus:capture

   • 1765, “A Song in High Life”, in The Merry Medley, volume 1, London: W. Hoggard, page 35:

     I pray you now send me some dub, / A bottle or two to the needy. / I beg you won't bring it yourself, / The harman is at the Old-Bailey; / I'd rather you'd send it behalf, / For, if they twig you they'll nail you.

   • 1993, Peter M. Lenkov; Robert Reneau; Daniel Waters, Demolition Man, spoken by Captain Healy (Steve Kahan):

     Dammit, John, I'm tired of this 'Demolition Man' stuff! […] Now, I know you've been trying to nail this psycho for two years, but try remembering a little thing called official police procedure.

   • 2005, Brown, Lesley, transl., Sophist, 261a, translation of original by Plato:

     we'll nail the sophist to it, if we can get him on that charge;

5. (transitive, slang) To expose as a sham.
6. (transitive, slang) To accomplish (a task) completely and successfully.

   Synonyms: ace, fullbring, fulfill

   Antonym: screw

   I really nailed that test.

7. (transitive, slang) To hit (a target) effectively with some weapon.
   • 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Fly-half Ruaridh Jackson departed early with injury but Chris Paterson nailed a penalty from wide out left to give Scotland an early lead, and Jackson's replacement Dan Parks added three more points with a penalty which skimmed over the crossbar.

8. (transitive, vulgar, slang) Of a male, to engage in sexual intercourse with.

   Synonyms: dick, pound, rail, screw; see also Thesaurus:copulate with

   • 1985, John Hughes, The Breakfast Club:

     Allison Reynolds: I'm a nymphomaniac. […] The only person I told was my shrink. / Andrew Clark: And what did he do when you told him? / Allison Reynolds: He nailed me.

   • 1999, Neil Goldman and Garrett Donovan, “Da Boom”, in Family Guy, season 2, episode 3, spoken by Brian Griffin (Seth MacFarlane):

     There’s a benefit gala at the Boston Pops tonight, and... well, I’m trying to nail the flautist.

9. (military) To spike, as a cannon.
   • 1598, Robert Barret, he Theorike and Practike of Modern Warres:

     That the Ordinance be not nayled, nor the munition fiered.

10. (transitive) To nail down: to make certain, or confirm.

    Synonyms: clinch, fix, lock down, pin down

参考

• Wikipedia disambiguation page on both meanings of nail
• Wikipedia disambiguation page on spike
• Nail in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• I-lan, INLA, Ilan, LNAI, Lain, Lani, Lian, Lina, Nila, anil, lain