crossとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English cross, cros, from 古期英語 cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross (“cross”), perhaps from Old Irish cros (compare Welsh croes, Irish crois), from Latin crux (cruci). Cognate with Icelandic kross (“cross”), Faroese krossur (“cross”), Danish kors (“cross”), Swedish kors (“cross”). Displaced native Middle English rood (“rood, cross”), from 古期英語 rōd (“cross, rood, crucifix, pole”); see rood. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /kɹɒs/ (also, especially formerly enPR: krôs, IPA^(key): /kɹɔːs/)
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kɹɔs/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /kɹɑs/
• 韻: -ɒs, -ɔːs

名詞

cross (複数形 crosses)

The cross on a Rubik's Cube

1. A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.

   Put a cross for a wrong answer and a tick for a right one.

2. (heraldry) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
3. A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).

   Criminals were commonly executed on a wooden cross.

4. (usually with the) The cross on which Christ was crucified.
5. (Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross.

   She made the cross after swearing.

   • 1811, Walter Scott, The Vision of Don Roderick:

     Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray.

   • (Can we date this quote by Cowper かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     'Tis where the cross is preached.

6. (Christianity) A modified representation of the crucifixion stake, worn as jewellery or displayed as a symbol of religious devotion.

   She was wearing a cross on her necklace.

7. (figurative, from Christ's bearing of the cross) A difficult situation that must be endured.

   It's a cross I must bear.

   • (Can we date this quote by Ben Jonson かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Heaven prepares a good man with crosses.

8. The act of going across; the act of passing from one side to the other

   A quick cross of the road.

9. (biology) An animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization.
10. (by extension) A hybrid of any kind.
    • (Can we date this quote by Lord Dufferin かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

      Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler

11. (boxing) A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.
12. (soccer) A pass in which the ball travels from by one touchline across the pitch.
    • 2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC‎^[1]:

      And Stamford Bridge erupted with joy as Florent Malouda slotted in a cross from Drogba, who had stayed just onside.

13. A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK かつ Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
14. A monument that marks such a place. (Also common in UK または Irish place names such as Charing Cross)
15. (obsolete) A coin stamped with the figure of a cross, or that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
    • c. 1598–1600, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iv]:

      I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I think you have no money in your purse.

16. (obsolete, Ireland) Church lands.

    (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Sir J. Davies to this entry?)

17. A line drawn across or through another line.
18. (surveying) An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
19. A pipe-fitting with four branches whose axes usually form a right angle.
20. (Rubik's Cube) Four edge cubies of one side that are in their right places, forming the shape of a cross.
21. (cartomancy) The thirty-sixth Lenormand card.

同意語

• (production of cross-breeding または -fertilization): hybrid
• (cross on which Christ was crucified): True Cross

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

関連する語

形容詞

cross (comparative crosser, superlative crossest)

1. Transverse; lying across the main direction.

   At the end of each row were cross benches which linked the rows.

   • (Can we date this quote by Isaac Newton かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     the cross refraction of the second prism

2. (archaic) Opposite, opposed to.

   His actions were perversely cross to his own happiness.

3. (now まれに) Opposing, adverse; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for.
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd corrected and augmented edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970:

     , New York Review of Books, 2001, p.50:

     As a fat body is more subject to diseases, so are rich men to absurdities and fooleries, to many casualties and cross inconveniences.

   • (Can we date this quote by Jeremy Taylor かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     a cross fortune

   • (Can we date this quote by Glanvill かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     the cross and unlucky issue of my design

   • (Can we date this quote by South かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvellously cross to the common experience of mankind.

   • (Can we date this quote by Dryden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, / One must be happy by the other's loss.

4. Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed.

   She was rather cross about missing her train on the first day of the job.

   Please don't get cross at me. (or) Please don't get cross with me.

   • (Can we date this quote by Jeremy Taylor かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     He had received a cross answer from his mistress.

5. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged.

   cross interrogatories

   cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other

同意語

• (opposite to): contrarily, opposed, reverse, antipodal
• (mildly angry): angry, annoyed, irritated

派生語

前置詞

cross

1. (archaic) across

   She walked cross the mountains.

   • (Can we date this quote by L'Estrange かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village.

2. cross product of the previous vector and the following vector.

   The Lorentz force is q times v cross B.

関連する語

• dot
• × (the multiplication sign)

動詞

cross (三人称単数 現在形 crosses, 現在分詞 crossing, 過去形および過去分詞形 crossed)

1. To make or form a cross.
   1. To place across or athwart; to cause to intersect.

      She frowned and crossed her arms.

   2. To lay or draw something across, such as a line.

      to cross the letter t

   3. To mark with an X.

      Cross the box which applies to you.

   4. To write lines at right angles.^W
      • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:

        An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.

   5. (reflexive, to cross oneself) To make the sign of the cross over oneself.
2. To move relatively.
   1. (transitive) To go from one side of (something) to the other.

      Why did the chicken cross the road?

      You need to cross the street at the lights.

      • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 8, in The Celebrity:

        Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet: or anon we shot into a clearing, with a colored glimpse of the lake and its curving shore far below us.

      • 2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

        Ukraine, however, will complain long and hard about a contentious second-half incident when Marko Devic's shot clearly crossed the line before it was scrambled away by John Terry, only for the officials to remain unmoved.

   2. (intransitive) To travel in a direction or path that will intersect with that of another.

      Ships crossing from starboard have right-of-way.

   3. (transitive) To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time.
      • (Can we date this quote by James David Forbes かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

        Your kind letter crossed mine.

   4. (sports) Relative movement by a player or of players.
      1. (cricket, reciprocally) Of both batsmen, to pass each other when running between the wickets in order to score runs.
      2. (soccer) To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.

         He crossed the ball into the penalty area.

      3. (rugby) To score a try.
         • 2011 February 12, Mark Orlovac, “England 59-13 Italy”, in BBC:

           England cut loose at the end of the half, Ashton, Mark Cueto and Mike Tindall all crossing before the break.

3. (social) To oppose.
   1. (transitive) To contradict (another) or frustrate the plans of.

      "You'll rue the day you tried to cross me, Tom Hero!" bellowed the villain.

   2. (transitive, obsolete) To interfere and cut off ; to debar.
      • c. 1591–1592, William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

        to cross me from the golden time I look for

   3. (law) To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
4. (biology) To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.

   They managed to cross a sheep with a goat.

5. To stamp or mark a cheque in such a way as to prevent it being cashed, thus requiring it to be deposited into a bank account.

同意語

• (to cross-fertilize または crossbreed): cross-fertilize, crossbreed

下位語

• crisscross

派生語

• becross
• crossing
• crossover
• crossword

関連する語

接尾辞

-cross

1. (sports) Forms the names of sports that involve racing across an artificial cross-country course of bumps, jumps, drop-offs, troughs, curves, and such.

   Synonym: -X (abbreviation)

派生語

• bicycle motocross (“BMX”)

派生語

参照

• “cross-” in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press.