soldierとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• soldior, soldiour, souldier, souldior, souldiour (all 廃れた用法)

語源

From Middle English soudeour, from Old French soudier or soudeour (“mercenary”), from Medieval Latin soldarius (“soldier (one having pay)”), from Late Latin solidus, a type of coin. Displaced 古期英語 cempa (whence obsolete kemp).

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: sōlʹjə(r), sŏlʹjə(r), IPA^(key): /ˈsəʊld͡ʒə/, /ˈsɒld͡ʒə/
  • (General American) enPR: sōlʹjər, IPA^(key): /ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/
  • 韻: -əʊld͡ʒə(ɹ), -ɒld͡ʒə(ɹ)

名詞

soldier (複数形 soldiers)

1. A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member.
   • 1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “[The Historie of Irelande […].] The Thirde Booke of the Historie of Ireland, Comprising the Raigne of Henry the Eyght: [...].”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Hunne, →OCLC, pages 77–78, column 2:

     The Citizens in their rage, imagining that euery poſt in the Churche had bin one of y^e Souldyers, ſhot habbe or nabbe at randon^{[sic – meaning random]} uppe to the Roode lofte, and to the Chancell, leauing ſome of theyr arrowes ſticking in the Images.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

     I am a soldier and unapt to weep.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

   • 2012, August 1. Owen Gibson in Guardian Unlimited, London 2012: rowers Glover and Stanning win Team GB's first gold medal

     Stanning, who was commissioned from Sandhurst in 2008 and has served in Afghanistan, is not the first soldier to bail out the organisers at these Games but will be among the most celebrated.

2. (by extension, nonstandard) Any member of a military, regardless of specialty.
3. An enlisted member of a military service, as distinguished from a commissioned officer.
   • 1596 (date written; published 1633)​, Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

     It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should have been a soldier.

4. A guardsman.
5. A member of the Salvation Army.
6. A low-ranking gangster or member of a gang, especially the mafia, who engages in physical conflict.
7. (Britain, Australia, New Zealand) A piece of buttered bread (または toast), cut into a long thin strip for dipping into a soft-boiled egg.
   • 2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 180:

     Beside his egg was a plate of buttered toast, already cut up into soldiers.

8. A term of approbation for a young boy.
9. Someone who fights or toils well.
   • 2004, Eminem, "Like Toy Soldiers", Encore, Shady Records

     [L]et 'em know how important it is to have Runyon Avenue soldiers up in our corners; their loyalty to us is worth more than any award is.

10. The red or cuckoo gurnard (Chelidonichthys cuculus).
11. One of the asexual polymorphic forms of termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest.
12. (slang, dated) A red herring (cured kipper with flesh turned red).

同意語

• (member of an army): grunt, sweat, old sweat, Tommy

派生語

• come the old soldier
• dead soldier
• soldierlike, soldierly
• water soldier (Stratiotes aloides)

動詞

soldier (三人称単数 現在形 soldiers, 現在分詞 soldiering, 過去形および過去分詞形 soldiered)

1. (intransitive) To continue steadfast; to keep striving.
2. (intransitive) To serve as a soldier.
3. (intransitive) To intentionally restrict labor productivity; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
4. (transitive, slang) To take a ride on (another person's horse) without permission.
   • 1917, Cuthbert Fetherstonhaugh, After many days: being the reminiscences of Cuthbert Fetherstonhaugh:

     It was the first time I had ever “soldiered” a horse. Soldiering means using a horse without the owner's leave or knowledge. Two of our lost horses we never found. Probably some one was soldiering them!

使用する際の注意点

Originally from the way that conscripts may approach following orders. Usage less prevalent in the era of all-volunteer militaries.

同意語

• (work at slowest rate): dog it, goldbrick

派生語

• soldierly

参考

• soldier on
• toy soldier, plastic soldier
• soldier ant, soldier bee
• soldier of fortune
• construction soldier

Further reading

• soldier on Wikipedia.
• Soldier (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• soldier on Wikimedia Commons.
• soldier on Wikiquote.

アナグラム

• Delrios, serolid, solider