maleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) enPR: māl, IPA^(key): /meɪl/
• 韻: -eɪl
• Homophone: mail

形容詞

male (not generally comparable, comparative maler または more male, superlative malest または most male)

1. Belonging to the sex which typically produces sperm, or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]

   male writers

   the leading male and female singers

   a male bird feeding a seed to a female

   in bee colonies, all drones are male

   intersex male patients

   • 1995, Gill Van Hasselt, Childbirth: Your Choices for Managing Pain, Taylor Pub, →ISBN:

     We got the hang of [caring for a baby], Kate and I, with some quiet, surprising guidance from a gentle male nurse whose touching lack of intrusion was so instinctive as to seem part of the pattern.

   • 2016, Tobias Raun, Out Online, →ISBN:

     Whereas many other trans male vloggers use the videos to assert a conventionally recognizable masculinity through sculpting and carrying their bodies as well as dressing and talking in masculine-coded ways, Carson explores and plays with ways of expressing femininity within (trans) maleness.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
2. Characteristic of this sex/gender. (Compare masculine, manly.)

   stereotypically male interests, an insect with typically male coloration

   • 2006, Bonnie Roberts, Bruises on the Heart, →ISBN, page 118:

     A bright light was shone in her eye and then she heard a kind, male voice who she figured must be Dr. Smith. “Yes, let her rest now, but keep an eye on her blood pressure and her pulse. Check her about every 15 or 20 minutes. Call me if any problem occurs.”

   • 2004, Mino Vianello; Gwen Moore, Women and Men in Political and Business Elites: A Comparative Study, →ISBN:

     More than that, we cannot find the same dynamics within female career trajectories as in the other two country groups, because the time-structure of female and male careers already shows great similarity within the older generation of elites. In addition, the pattern of the relation between female and male careers remains the same over time.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
3. Tending to lead to or regulate the development of sexual characteristics typical of this sex.

   the male chromosome;   like testes, ovaries also produce testosterone and some other male hormones

4. (grammar, less common than 'masculine') Masculine; of the masculine grammatical gender.
   • 2012, Naomi McIlwraith, Kiyâm: Poems, →ISBN, page 43:

     The teacher's voice inflects the pulse of nêhiyawêwin as he teaches us. He says a prayer in the first class. Nouns, we learn, have a gender. In French, nouns are male or female, but in Cree, nouns are living or non-living, animate or inanimate.

   • 2012, Sinéad Leleu, Michaela Greck-Ismair, German Pen Pals Made Easy KS3

     If you are describing a female noun, you must make the adjective feminine by adding an 'e'. If you describe a male noun, you add an 'er'. For neutral nouns you add an 'es'.

5. (of bacteria) Having the F factor; able to impart DNA into another bacterium which does not have the F factor (a female).
   • 1967, Symposium on Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance: Genetics, Molecular Nature, and Clinical Implications of R Factors, May 25, 1967, page 7:

     Furthermore, male bacteria with fi + R factors, which inhibit the function of F (fi fertility inhibition) (Watanabe et al., 1964a), cannot form specific cell pairs at high frequencies. On the contrary, the formation of […]

   • (Can we date this quote?) The genetics problem solver, Research & Education Assoc., →ISBN, page 443:

     Male bacteria having the sex factor, also known as the F or "fertility" factor, are termed P if the sex factor exists extrachromosomally. F+ bacteria can only conjugate with F, the female counterparts, which do not possess the F [factor].

6. (figuratively) Of instruments, tools, or connectors: designed to fit into or penetrate a female counterpart, as in a connector, pipe fitting or laboratory glassware. [from 16th c.]
   • 1982, Popular Science, page 119:

     Male adapter connects female pipe threads to polyethylene cold-water pipe; [...] female flare coupling connects male pipe threads to flared copper or plastic;

同意語

• manly, mannish, masculine
• (figurative: of instruments, etc): plug, pin

等位語

• female; androgynous; intersex; non-binary
• (grammar): female: see also masculine

派生語

• male-assigned, cis male, trans male
• male-dominated

名詞

male (複数形 males)

1. One of the male (masculine) sex or gender.
   1. A human member of the masculine sex or gender.
      • Synonym: penis-owner/penis owner
      • For quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
   2. An animal of the sex that has testes.
   3. A plant of the masculine sex.
2. A bacterium which has the F factor.
   • 2001 August 1, Harrison G. Echols, Operators and Promoters: The Story of Molecular Biology and Its Creators, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 45:

     During mating, F+ male bacteria transfer the F factor to the recipient females, transforming them into F+ males. Males also retain a copy of their F factor for themselves (left). When Hfr (または high frequency recombination) males mate […]

   • 2021 February 26, Gregor Majdic, Soul Mate Biology: Science of attachment and love, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 10:

     In this process, one bacterium designated the male bacterium transfers its DNA into the female bacterium. Bacteria are determined to be male or female by a small piece of DNA, called F-plasmid, or sex factor. Bacteria with this small piece of DNA are labeled as males, and bacteria that do not have this factor are considered females. […] Nevertheless, in addition to a small piece of DNA, male bacteria have some unique characteristics. They can make a special protrusion on their surface, called F-pilus. Pilae (複数形 for pilus) are hair-like structures that cover the […]

3. A male connector, pipe fitting, etc.
   • 1981, Modern Photography:

     Work another rubber washer over the threads of the male adapter that is now sticking out of the bucket. […] cut out with an X-acto knife, then thread the female fittings to the males.

使用する際の注意点

Similar to objections over the usage of female(s) as a noun, some people find it dehumanizing to refer to men as "male(s)" due to its zoological use, especially in non-technical contexts. It is frequently used in police blotters, dispatches, reports, and medical or physiological documents to encompass boys and men, further fueling aversion through this association with criminality and/or vice.

反意語

• female

下位語

• man, boy

参考

• macho
• ♂ (symbol for male)
• sex, gender, gender identity

アナグラム

• -meal, Elam, Elma, Leam, Lema, alme, amel, lame, lamé, leam, lema, meal, mela, mela-

Latin

語源

From malus (“bad, wicked”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈma.le/, [ˈmäɫ̪ɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈma.le/, [ˈmäːle]

副詞

male (comparative pēius, superlative pessimē)

1. badly

   Antonym: bene

   • 1413, Jan Hus, Epistola ad Iohannem de Reinstein :

     Melius est bene morī quam male vīvere.

     It is better to die well than to live badly.

2. wrongly

   Synonym: prāvē

3. cruelly, wickedly
4. not much; feebly

派生語

• maledīcō
• malefaciō
• nōn male

関連する語

• malus

派生した語

参照

• “male”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “male”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• male in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
    
  • (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui
    
  • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: animus male sibi conscius
    
  • (ambiguous) a moral (immoral) man: homo bene (male) moratus
    
  • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    
  • (ambiguous) to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a)
    
  • (ambiguous) to buy dearly: magno or male emere
    
  • (ambiguous) to win, lose a fight (of the commander): rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...)
    
  • (ambiguous) I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)