momentumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/

名詞

momentum (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 momentums または momenta)

1. (physics) Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.
2. The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events; a moment.
   • 1843, Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The Old Apple Dealer", in Mosses from an Old Manse

     The travellers swarm forth from the cars. All are full of the momentum which they have caught from their mode of conveyance.

   • 1882, Thomas Hardy, chapter II, in Two on a Tower. A Romance. [...] In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, […], OCLC 654408264, page 31:

     Their intention to become husband and wife, at first halting and timorous, had accumulated momentum with the lapse of hours, till it now bore down every obstacle in its course.

   • 2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎^[1], page R29:

     Though his account of written communication over the past 5,000 years necessarily has a powerful forward momentum, his diversions down the fascinating byways of the subject are irresistible ...

派生語

参考

• wind at one's back

Latin

語源

From *movimentum (compare later Medieval Latin movimentum), from Proto-Italic *mowementom. Equivalent to moveō (“move, set in motion; excite”) + -mentum (“suffix used to forming nouns from verbs”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /moːˈmen.tum/, [moːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /moˈmen.tum/, [moˈmɛn̪t̪um]

名詞

mōmentum n (genitive mōmentī); second declension

1. movement, motion, impulse; course
2. change, revolution, movement, disturbance
3. particle, part, point
4. (of time) brief space, moment (in time), short time

   Synonym: vestīgium

5. cause, circumstance
6. weight, influence, importance

   Synonyms: importantia, gravitās, pondus, opportūnitās

   momentum facere/habere ― to have importance, to exercise influence

   maxime momenti - most important

7. (New Latin, physics) momentum, quantity of motion [from 18th c.]
8. (New Latin, physics, mechanics) moment (product of a distance かつ physical quantity) [from 15th c.]

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “momentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “momentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• momentum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2022) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• momentum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• momentum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • at the important moment: momento temporis
    
  • important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
    
  • to be of great (no) importance: magni (nullius) momenti esse
    
  • to determine the issue of; to turn the scale: momentum afferre ad aliquid