rateとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English rate, from Old French rate, from Medieval Latin rata, from Latin prō ratā parte (“according to a fixed part”), from ratus (“fixed”), from rērī (“think, deem, judge, estimate", originally "reckon, calculate”).

名詞

rate (複数形 rates)

1. (obsolete) The worth of something; value. [15th-19th centuries]
   • c. 1591–1595, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii]:

     There shall no figure at such rate be set, / As that of true and faithfull Iuliet.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], OCLC 928184292:

     His natural parts were not of the first rate, but he had greatly improved them by a learned education.

2. The proportional relationship between one amount, value etc. and another. [from the 15th century]
   • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:

     In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result. If the bumf arrived electronically, the take-up rate was 0.1%. And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%.

   At the height of his powers, he was producing pictures at the rate of four a year.

3. Speed. [from the 17th century]

   The car was speeding down here at a hell of a rate.

   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, OCLC 937919305:

     Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon enough.

4. The relative speed of change or progress. [from the 18th century]

   The rate of production at the factory is skyrocketing.

5. The price of (an individual) thing; cost. [from the 16th century]

   He asked quite a rate to take me to the airport.

6. A set price or charge for all examples of a given case, commodity, service etc. [from the 16th century]

   Postal rates here are low.

7. A wage calculated in relation to a unit of time.

   We pay an hourly rate of between $10 – $15 per hour depending on qualifications and experience.

8. Any of various taxes, especially those levied by a local authority. [from the 17th century]

   I hardly have enough left every month to pay the rates.

9. (nautical) A class into which ships were assigned based on condition, size etc.; by extension, rank.

   This textbook is first-rate.

10. (obsolete) Established portion or measure; fixed allowance; ration.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book IV, canto VIII:

      The one right feeble through the evil rate / Of food which in her duress she had found.

11. (obsolete) Order; arrangement.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book IV, canto X:

      Thus sat they all around in seemly rate.

12. (obsolete) Ratification; approval.
    • c. 1610s, George Chapman, Caesar and Pompey

      Tis offerd, Sir, 'boue the rate of Caesar
      In other men, but in what I approue
      Beneath his merits: which I will not faile
      T'enforce at full to Pompey, nor forget
      In any time the gratitude of my seruice.

13. (horology) The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time.

    daily rate; hourly rate; etc.

下位語

派生語

関連する語

参照

• rate on Wikipedia.

動詞

rate (三人称単数 現在形 rates, 現在分詞 rating, 過去形および過去分詞形 rated)

1. (transitive) To assign or be assigned a particular rank or level.

   She is rated fourth in the country.

2. (transitive) To evaluate or estimate the value of.

   They rate his talents highly.

   • 1661, Robert South, False Foundations Removed (sermon)

     To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.

3. (transitive) To consider or regard.

   He rated this book brilliant.

4. (transitive) To deserve; to be worth.

   The view here hardly rates a mention in the travel guide.

   • 1955, Rex Stout, "When a Man Murders...", in Three Witnesses, October 1994 Bantam edition, →ISBN, page 101:

     Only two assistant district attorneys rate corner offices, and Mandelbaum wasn't one of them.

5. (transitive) To determine the limits of safe functioning for a machine or electrical device.

   The transformer is rated at 10 watts.

6. (transitive, chiefly Britain) To evaluate a property's value for the purposes of local taxation.
7. (transitive, informal) To like; to think highly of.

   The customers don't rate the new burgers.

8. (intransitive) To have position (in a certain class).

   She rates among the most excellent chefs in the world.

   He rates as the best cyclist in the country.

9. (intransitive) To have value or standing.

   This last performance of hers didn't rate very high with the judges.

10. (transitive) To ratify.
    • [1611?], Homer, “(please specify |book=I to XXIV)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, OCLC 614803194; The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], volume (please specify the book number), new edition, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, OCLC 987451361:

      to rate the truce

11. To ascertain the exact rate of the gain or loss of (a chronometer) as compared with true time.

同意語

• (have position in a certain class): rank

派生語

• rating

語源 2

From Middle English raten (“to scold, chide”), from Old Norse hrata (“to refuse, reject, slight, find fault with”), from Proto-Germanic *hratōną (“to sway, shake”), from Proto-Indo-European *krad- (“to swing”). Cognate with Swedish rata (“to reject, refuse, find fault, slight”), Norwegian rata (“to reject, cast aside”), 古期英語 hratian (“to rush, hasten”).

動詞

rate (三人称単数 現在形 rates, 現在分詞 rating, 過去形および過去分詞形 rated)

1. (transitive) To berate, scold.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John IX:

     Then rated they hym, and sayde: Thou arte hys disciple.

   • c. 1591–1592, William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy!

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 56, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     Andronicus the Emperour, finding by chance in his pallace certaine principall men very earnestly disputing against Lapodius about one of our points of great importance, taunted and rated them very bitterly, and threatened if they gave not over, he would cause them to be cast into the river.

   • 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], OCLC 228725984; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress (The Noel Douglas Replicas), London: Noel Douglas, […], 1928, OCLC 5190338, page 114:

     So when he aroſe, he getteth him a grievous Crab-tree cudgel, and goes down into the Dungeon to them; and there firſt falls to Rateing of them, as if they were dogs: [...]

   • a. 1692, Isaac Barrow, The Danger and Mischief of Delaying Repentance

     Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it, and rating them for it.

   • 1825, Sir Walter Scott, The Talisman, ch.iv:

     He beheld him, his head still muffled in the veil [...] couching, like a rated hound, upon the threshold of the chapel; but apparently without venturing to cross it;[...]a man borne down and crushed to the earth by the burden of his inward feelings.

   • 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 2, ch.XV, Practical — Devotional

     The successful monk, on the morrow morning, hastens home to Ely [...]. The successful monk, arriving at Ely, is rated for a goose and an owl; is ordered back to say that Elmset was the place meant.

   • 1902, Barbara Baynton, Sally Krimmer; Alan Lawson, editors, Bush Studies (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 71:

     Jyne took the baby, and began to rate the mother mildly for `walkin' seven mile ser soon', but Jyne's mother interposed with a recital of `wot I dun w'en Jun' (John) `wur two days old.'

Further reading

• “rate” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “rate” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• rate at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• 'eart, Ater, Reta, aret, arte-, tare, tear, tera-