promiseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English promis, promisse, borrowed from Old French promesse, from Medieval Latin prōmissa, Latin prōmissum (“a promise”), feminine and neuter of promissus, past participle of prōmittō (“I send または put forth, let go forward, say beforehand, promise”), from pro (“forth”) + mittere (“to send”); see mission. Compare admit, commit, permit, etc. Displaced native 古期英語 ġehātan (“to promise”) and ġehāt (“a promise”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɒmɪs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɑmɪs/
• 韻: (Received 発音) -ɒmɪs, (General 米国用法) -ɑmɪs
• ハイフネーション: prom‧ise

名詞

promise (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 promises)

1. (countable) an oath or affirmation; a vow

   if I make a promise, I always stick to it;  he broke his promise

2. (countable) A transaction between two persons whereby the first person undertakes in the future to render some service or gift to the second person or devotes something valuable now and here to his use.
   • 1668 July 3rd, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), pages 547–548

     He purſued Andrew Houſtoun upon his promiſe, to give him the like Sallary for the next year, and in abſence obtained him to be holden as confeſt and Decerned.

3. (uncountable) Reason to expect improvement or success; potential.
   • 1819 June 23 – 1820 September 13, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “(please specify the title)”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., New York, N.Y.: […] C. S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC:

     My native country was full of youthful promise.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     The original family who had begun to build a palace to rival Nonesuch had died out before they had put up little more than the gateway, so that the actual structure which had come down to posterity retained the secret magic of a promise rather than the overpowering splendour of a great architectural achievement.

   She shows great promise as an actress.

4. (countable, computing, programming) A placeholder object representing the eventual result of an asynchronous operation.

   Synonyms: delay, deferred, (imprecise) future

5. (countable, obsolete) bestowal or fulfillment of what is promised
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 1:4:

     He […] commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father.

動詞

promise (三人称単数 現在形 promises, 現在分詞 promising, 過去形および過去分詞形 promised)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To commit to (some action または outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.
   • 1936 Aug., Ernest Hemingway, "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", Cosmopolitan:

     "You think that I'll take anything."
     "I know you will, sweet." [...]
     "There wasn't going to be any of that. You promised there wouldn't be."
     "Well, there is now," she said sweetly.

   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.

   If you promise not to tell anyone, I will let you have this cake for free.

   She promised to never return to this town again.

   He promised me a big kiss if I would drive him to the airport.

   I can't promise success, but I'll do the best I can.

2. (intransitive) To give grounds for expectation, especially of something good.

   The clouds promise rain.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me. I look upon notoriety with the same indifference as on the buttons on a man's shirt-front, or the crest on his note-paper.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

同意語

• halsen

関連する語

派生語

Further reading

• “promise”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “promise”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• Promise on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• imposer, porimes, semipro