promiseとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English promis, promisse, borrowed from Old French promesse, from Medieval Latin prōmissa, Latin prōmissum (“a promise”), feminine and neuter of promissus, past participle of prōmittō (“I send または put forth, let go forward, say beforehand, promise”), from pro (“forth”) + mittere (“to send”); see mission. Compare admit, commit, permit, etc. Displaced native Middle English beheste, bihest (“promise, behest”) (from 古期英語 behǣs (“promise, vow”)), Middle English hight (“promise”) (from 古期英語 hēht, past tense of 古期英語 hātan (“to promise”)), Middle English hat, haut (“promise, vow”) (from 古期英語 ġehāt (“promise, vow”) derived from ġehātan), Middle English quidde, quid (“saying, promise”). Compare Middle English forhaten, forhauten (“to promise”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɒmɪs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɑmɪs/
• ハイフネーション: prom‧ise

名詞

promise (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 promises)

1. (countable) an oath or affirmation; a vow

   if I make a promise, I always stick to it;  he broke his promise

2. (countable) a transaction between two persons whereby the first person undertakes in the future to render some service or gift to the second person or devotes something valuable now and here to his use
   • 1668 July 3rd, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), pages 547–548

     He purſued Andrew Houſtoun upon his promiſe, to give him the like Sallary for the next year, and in abſence obtained him to be holden as confeſt and Decerned.

3. (uncountable) reason to expect improvement or success; potential
   • (Can we date this quote by Washington Irving かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     My native country was full of youthful promise.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     The original family who had begun to build a palace to rival Nonesuch had died out before they had put up little more than the gateway, so that the actual structure which had come down to posterity retained the secret magic of a promise rather than the overpowering splendour of a great architectural achievement.

   She shows great promise as an actress.

4. (countable, computing, programming) a placeholder object representing the eventual result of an asynchronous operation

   Synonyms: delay, deferred, future (imprecise)

5. (countable, obsolete) bestowal or fulfillment of what is promised
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Acts 1:4:

     He […] commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father.

動詞

promise (三人称単数 現在形 promises, 現在分詞 promising, 過去形および過去分詞形 promised)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To commit to (some action または outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.
   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.

   If you promise not to tell anyone, I will let you have this cake for free.

   He promised to never return to this town again.

   She promised me a big kiss if I would drive her to the airport.

   I can't promise success, but I'll do the best I can.

2. (intransitive) To give grounds for expectation, especially of something good.

   The clouds promise rain.

   • 1897, Winston Churchill, chapter 1, in The Celebrity‎^[2]:

     I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me. I look upon notoriety with the same indifference as on the buttons on a man's shirt-front, or the crest on his note-paper.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

同意語

• halsen

関連する語

参考

• election promise

Further reading

• promise in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• promise in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• Promise on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• imposer, porimes, semipro