Donとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Latin dominus (“lord, head of household”), akin to Italian don, Sicilian don, Spanish don; from domus (“house”). Doublet of dom, domine, dominie, and dominus.

名詞

don (複数形 dons)

2. A university professor, particularly one at Oxford or Cambridge.
   • 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], chapter I, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], part 1st, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, →OCLC, page 12:

     No one feeds at the high table except the dons and the gentlemen-commoners, who are undergraduates in velvet caps and silk gowns[.]

   • 1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVI, in Daniel Deronda, volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II (Meeting Streams), page 321:

     The truth is, unless a man can get the prestige and income of a Don and write donnish books, it’s hardly worth while for him to make a Greek and Latin machine of himself and be able to spin you out pages of the Greek dramatists at any verse you’ll give him as a cue.

3. An employee of a university residence who lives among the student residents.
4. A mafia boss.
5. (MLE) Any man, bloke, dude.
   • 2017 October 31, Loski (lyrics かつ music), “Olympic Chinging”‎^[2], from 1:55:

     I’m confused like who’s this don
     .22 bells and that who’s on

派生語

• donnish
• donny (“bloke”)

関連する語

• donzel

語源 2

From Middle English don (“to put on”), from 古期英語 dōn on. Compare also doff, dup, dout.

動詞

don (三人称単数 現在形 dons, 現在分詞 donning, 過去形および過去分詞形 donned)

1. (transitive) To put on clothing; to dress (oneself) in an article of personal attire.

   To don one's clothes.

   • 1886-88, Burton, Richard Francis, The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night:

     Now when he had reached the King's capital wherein was Alaeddin, he alighted at one of the Kháns; and, when he had rested from the weariness of wayfare, he donned his dress and went down to wander about the streets, where he never passed a group without hearing them prate about the pavilion and its grandeur and vaunt the beauty of Alaeddin and his lovesomeness, his liberality and generosity, his fine manners and his good morals.

   • 2022 March 23, Paul Bigland, “HS2 is just 'passing through'”, in RAIL, number 953, page 41:

     Having donned our PPE, we walk through the site to the prefab that controls access to the tunnel.

   Synonyms: put on, clothe, dight, enrobe; see also Thesaurus:clothe

   Antonym: doff

派生語

• donner

参考

• put on
• wear

参考

• ram-don (etymologically unrelated)

アナグラム

• NOD, ODN, nod

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *dōn (“to do”). The exact development of past tense forms dyde, dydest, and dydon are unexplained, since such forms have -y- instead of expected *-e- (*dede, *dedest, *dedon) from Proto-Germanic past stem *ded-/*dēd-.

発音

• IPA^(key): /doːn/

動詞

dōn

1. to do

   Hwæt dēst þū?

   What are you doing?

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Iċ dyde swā iċ meahte.

     I did what I could.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 17:12

     Hīe dydon swā hwæt swā hīe woldon.

     They did whatever they wanted.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 41:55

     Gangaþ tō Iosepe and dōþ swā hwæt swā hē ēow seċġe.

     Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Ǣte þū tōdæġ? Iċ dyde.

     Did you eat today? I did.

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Beginning of Creation"

     Þæt ċild wēox swā swā ōðru ċildru dōþ.

     The child grew as other children do.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 3:8

     Þā behȳdde Adam hine, and his wīf ēac swā dyde, fram Godes ġesihte.

     Then Adam hid himself from God's sight, and his wife did so too.

2. to make, cause
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Passion of St. Bartholomew the Apostle"

     Þū dydest mīnne brōðor his god forlǣtan.

     You made my brother renounce his god.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 3:3

     Ġeġearwiaþ Dryhtnes weġ, dōþ his sīðas rihte.

     Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 4:19

     Folgiaþ mē, and iċ dō þæt ġit bēoþ manna fisċeras.

     Follow me, and I'll make you fishers of people.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 42:36

     Þā cwæþ Iācōb heora fæder, "Bearnlēasne ġē habbaþ mē ġedōnne. Næbbe iċ Iōsēp and Simeon is on bendum; nū ġē nimaþ Beniamin æt mē."

     Then Jacob, their father, said, "You have made me childless. I don't have Joseph and Simeon is in chains; now you're taking Benjamin from me."

3. to put
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 7:33

     Hē dyde his fingras on his ēaran.

     He put his fingers in his ears.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 26:52

     Þā cwæþ sē Hǣlend tō him, "Dō þīn sweord eft on his sċēaðe."

     Then Jesus said to him, "Put your sword back in its sheath."

4. to add
   • c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual

     Blōtmōnaþ hæfþ seofon rēgulārēs. Dō þrītiġ þǣr tō, þonne bēoþ þæt seofon and þrītiġ.

     November has seven regulares. Add 30 to that, and it is 37.

5. to treat someone (+ dative) a certain way
   • c. 973, Æthelwold, translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict

     XXXV. Be þām þæt man eallum munucum ġelīċe dōn sċyle.

     35. On how all monks should be treated equally.

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Ēalā hū yfele mē dōþ maniġe weoroldmenn mid þām þæt iċ ne mōt wealdan mīnra āgenra þēawa.

     Many worldly people treat me so badly, I'm not allowed to practice my own virtues.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 16:19

     Nū iċ neom wierðe þæt iċ bēo þīn sunu nemned. Dō mē swā ānne of þīnum ierðlingum.

     I don't deserve to be called your son anymore. Treat me as one of your fieldworkers.

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: don, donne, doyn, do, doon
  • English: do
    • Northumbrian: dee
  • Scots: dae
  • Yola: doone

参照

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “don”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.