effectとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈfɛkt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /əˈfɛkt/
• (Malaysia, Singapore) IPA^(key): /iˈfɛkt/^[1]
• 韻: -ɛkt
• ハイフネーション: ef‧fect

名詞

effect (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 effects)

1. The result or outcome of a cause.
   • 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 1, in The Celebrity:

     The stories did not seem to me to touch life. They were plainly intended to have a bracing moral effect, and perhaps had this result for the people at whom they were aimed.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[2]:

     The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. […]  The bed was the most extravagant piece.  Its graceful cane halftester rose high towards the cornice and was so festooned in carved white wood that the effect was positively insecure, as if the great couch were trimmed with icing sugar.

   • 2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55:

     The solitary, lumbering trolls of Scandinavian mythology would sometimes be turned to stone by exposure to sunlight. Barack Obama is hoping that several measures announced on June 4th will have a similarly paralysing effect on their modern incarnation, the patent troll.

   The effect of the hurricane was a devastated landscape.

2. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
   • (Can we date this quote by J. C. Shairp かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     patchwork […] introduced for oratorical effect

   • (Can we date this quote by Washington Irving かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place.

3. Execution; performance; realization; operation.
   • c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene v]:

     That no compunctious visitings of nature / Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between / The effect and it.

   1. (uncountable) The state of being binding and enforceable, as in a rule, policy, or law.

      The new law will come into effect on the first day of next year.

4. (cinematography) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")

   The effect of flying was most convincing.

5. (sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.

   I use an echo effect here to make the sound more mysterious.

   I just bought a couple of great effects.

6. (physics, psychology, etc.) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.

   Doppler effect

7. (usually in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.
8. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; with to.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Chronicles 34:22:

     They spake to her to that effect.

9. (obsolete) Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance.
   • (Can we date this quote by Denham かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     no other in effect than what it seems

10. (obsolete) Manifestation; expression; sign.
    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

      All the large effects / That troop with majesty.

使用する際の注意点

Do not confuse with affect.

Adjectives often applied to "effect":

• biological, chemical, cultural, economic, legal, mental, moral, nutritional, personal, physical, physiological, political and social
• actual, bad, beneficial, catastrophic, deleterious, disastrous, devastating, fatal, good, harmful, important, intended, likely, natural, negative, positive, potential, primary, real, secondary, significant, special, strong, undesirable and weak

下位語

派生語

• after-effect

関連する語

• in effect
• take effect
• personal effects

参照

動詞

effect (三人称単数 現在形 effects, 現在分詞 effecting, 過去形および過去分詞形 effected)

1. (transitive) To make or bring about; to implement.

   The best way to effect change is to work with existing stakeholders.

2. Misspelling of affect.

使用する際の注意点

Effect is often confused with affect. The latter suggests influence over existing ideas, emotions and entities; the former indicates the manifestation of new or original ideas or entities:

• “New governing coalitions have effected major changes” indicates that major changes were made as a result of new governing coalitions.
• “New governing coalitions have affected major changes” indicates that before new governing coalitions, major changes were in place, and that the new governing coalitions had some influence over those existing changes.

関連する語

Further reading

• effect in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• effect in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911