efficientとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA^(key): /əˈfɪʃənt/
• 韻: -ɪʃənt

形容詞

efficient (comparative more efficient, superlative most efficient)

1. making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy
   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic […] real kidneys […] . But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.

   An efficient process would automate all the routine work.

   Our cleaners are almost too efficient: they throw away anything left out on a desk.

2. expressing the proportion of consumed energy that was successfully used in a process; the ratio of useful output to total input

   The motor is only 20% efficient at that temperature.

3. causing effects, producing results; bringing into being; initiating change (まれに except in philosophical かつ legal expression efficient cause = causative factor または agent)
   • 1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], OCLC 37026674, (please specify |book=1 to 5):

     It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but not efficient.

   Ownership, maintenance, or use of the automobile need not be the direct and efficient cause of the injury sustained

4. (proscribed, old use) effective, efficacious
   • 1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], OCLC 277545047:

     Ye wake no more to anguish;‥ ye have borne
     The Chosen, the Destroyer!‥ soon his hand
     Shall strike the efficient blow;
     Soon shaking off your penal forms, shall ye,
     With songs of joy, amid the Eden groves,
     Hymn the Deliverer’s praise!

   • 1856, William Dexter Wilson, An Elementary Treatise on Logic

     The Efficient Cause is that from which emanates the force that produces the Effect

使用する際の注意点

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary from 1913 still lists efficient and effective as synonyms, but all major dictionaries now show that these words now only have different meanings in careful use. Use of both for the other meaning is however widespread enough that Longman's Exam Dictionary, for example, finds it necessary to proscribe the use of one for the other with several examples at each entry and provides the following summary:

• efficient (“working quickly かつ without waste”)
• effective (“having the desired effect”)

反意語

• inefficient

派生語

関連する語

名詞

efficient (複数形 efficients)

1. (obsolete) a cause; something that causes an effect
   • 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, I.14:

     Some are without efficient, as God; others without matter, as Angels […].

   • a. 1758, Jonathan Edwards, Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity

     This implies, that something happens without a cause. If it should be said, that motive in this case is not the efficient of the action or doing — this is granted; but at the same time, for reasons already given, it is denied, that the man himself is the efficient cause of it.

派生語

• Pareto efficient

参照

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /efˈfi.ki.ent/, [ɛfˈfɪkiɛn̪t̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /efˈfi.t͡ʃi.ent/, [efˈfiːt͡ʃien̪t̪]

動詞

efficient

1. third-person plural future active indicative of efficiō