perfectとは意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• perfite, perfight (廃れた用法)
• pf. (abbreviation, grammar)

語源 1

From Middle English perfit, from Old French parfit (modern: parfait), from Latin perfectus, perfect passive participle of perficere (“to finish”), from per- (“through, thorough”) + facere (“to do, to make”). Spelling modified 15c. to conform to Latin etymology. Doublet of parfait.

Displaced native 古期英語 fulfremed.

発音

• (英国用法) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː.fɪkt/, /ˈpɜː.fɛkt/
• (米国用法) IPA^(key): /ˈpɝ.fɪkt/
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)fɪkt, -ɜː(ɹ)fɛkt

形容詞

perfect (comparative perfecter または more perfect, superlative perfectest または most perfect)

1. Fitting its definition precisely.

   a perfect circle

2. Having all of its parts in harmony with a common purpose.

   That bucket with the hole in the bottom is a poor bucket, but it is perfect for watering plants.

3. Without fault or mistake; thoroughly skilled or talented.

   Practice makes perfect.

4. Excellent and delightful in all respects.

   a perfect day

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:

     They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

5. (mathematics) Of a number: equal to the sum of its proper divisors.

   6 is perfect because the sum of its proper divisors, 1, 2, and 3, which is 6, is equal to the number itself.

6. (grammar, of a tense または verb form) Representing a completed action.
7. (biology) Sexually mature and fully differentiated.
8. (botany) Of flowers, having both male parts (stamens) and female parts (carpels).
9. (mathematical analysis) Of a set: equal to its set of limit points, i.e. set A is perfect if A=A'.
10. (music) Describing an interval or any compound interval of a unison, octave, or fourths and fifths that are not tritones.
11. (of a cocktail) Made with equal parts of sweet and dry vermouth.

    a perfect Manhattan; a perfect Rob Roy

12. (obsolete) Well informed; certain; sure.
    • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:

      I am perfect that the Pannonians and Dalmatians for their liberties are now in arms.

13. (obsolete) Innocent, guiltless.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:

      My parts, my title, and my perfect soul shall manifest me rightly.

使用する際の注意点

Some authorities proscribe the comparative and superlative forms "more perfect" and "most perfect", on the grounds that perfection is an absolute state.^[1][2][3] Nevertheless, graded forms have been in common use in writing for centuries – for instance the Preamble to the United States Constitution, drafted in 1787, describes its goal as "a more perfect Union". In these cases, "more perfect" can mean "closer to perfection", "less imperfect" or "improving upon an already perfect state".

同意語

• (fitting its definition precisely): accurate, flawless
• (without fault または mistake): faultless, infallible
• (thoroughly skilled または talented): expert, proficient
• (biology: sexually mature かつ fully differentiated): mature
• (botany: having both male かつ female parts): bisexual, hermaphroditic
• See also Thesaurus:flawless

反意語

• (fitting its definition precisely): flawed
• (without fault または mistake): faulty, faultful, fallible
• (botany: having both male かつ female parts): imperfect

下位語

等位語

• (music): augmented
• (music): diminished

派生語

関連する語

• perfect competition
• perfect market
• perfect number
• perfect pitch
• practice makes perfect

名詞

perfect (複数形 perfects)

1. (grammar) The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.
2. (video games) A perfect score; the achievement of finishing a stage or task with no mistakes.
   • 2007, Barbara Smith, Chad Yancey, Video Game Achievements and Unlockables (page 17)

     Awarded for scoring all Perfects in the Dominator rank!

   • 2007, Eli Neiburger, Gamers-- in the Library?!:

     […] a table of all the ratings that each player has achieved, giving you several scoring options based on player feedback (I simply record the number of perfects).

3. (historical, Christianity) A leader of the Cathar movement.

   Synonym: perfectus

   Hyponym: perfecta

同意語

• (grammar): preterperfect

語源 2

From perfect (adjective).

発音

• (英国用法) IPA^(key): /pəˈfɛkt/
• (米国用法) IPA^(key): /pɚˈfɛkt/
• Rhymes: -ɛkt

動詞

perfect (三人称単数 現在形 perfects, 現在分詞 perfecting, 過去形および過去分詞形 perfected)

1. (transitive) To make perfect; to improve or hone.

   I am going to perfect this article.

   You spend too much time trying to perfect your dancing.

2. (law) To take an action, usually the filing of a document in the correct venue, that secures a legal right.

   perfect an appeal; perfect an interest; perfect a judgment

同意語

• (to make perfect): enhance, hone, improve, optimize

関連する語

• perfectation
• perfecter
• perfectible

参照

アナグラム

• prefect