peltとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

Pelts (etymology 1, noun sense 1) of minks (subfamily Mustelinae).

People pelting (etymology 2, verb sense 1.1) each other with snowballs on the steps of what is now the Florida Historic Capitol in Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A., on February 10, 1899.

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /pɛlt/
• 韻: -ɛlt

語源 1

The noun is derived from Middle English pelt (“skin of a sheep, especially without the wool”);^[1] further etymology uncertain, possibly:^[2]

• from Middle English pellet (“skin of an animal, especially a sheep”), from Anglo-Norman pelette, pellet, and Old French pelete, pelette (“thin layer, film, skin; epidermis; foreskin”), from pel (“skin; garment made of animal skin, pelisse”) (from Latin pellis (“animal skin, hide, pelt; leather; garment made of animal skin”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover; to wrap; hide; skin; cloth”)) + -ete (diminutive suffix); or
• from Late Latin peletta, pelleta, pelletta (“skin of an animal, especially a sheep”).

The verb is derived from the noun.^[3]

名詞

pelt (複数形 pelts)

1. The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).
   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The First Gun”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175, page 1:

     Perhaps the reason why he [a stuffed fox] seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

   • 1922 July, E[velyn] Charles Vivian, “White Man’s Magic: A Story of the Canadian Mounted Police”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 9, London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], OCLC 870086995, page 617, column 1:

     My people got themselves pelts and pelts—there was such a trapping as comes but few times in a life. Pelts and pelts, the silver and the grey—fine pelts.

2. (also figuratively) The skin of an animal (especially a goat または sheep) with the hair or wool removed, often in preparation for tanning.
3. The fur or hair of a living animal.
   • 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432, lines 670–673, page 116:

     The Cauſes and the Signs ſhall next be told, / Of ev'ry Sickneſs that infects the Fold [of sheep]. / A ſcabby Tetter on their pelts vvill ſtick, / VVhen the ravv Rain has pierc'd 'em to the quick: […]

4. (chiefly Ireland, humorous, informal) Human skin, especially when bare; also, a person's hair.
   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XVII, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], published 1962, OCLC 3195881, page 177:

     Put on your dress, ye shameless witch, standin' there in your pelt I'll take a strap to, for havin' the conceit out of you, for by your idling had lost me the sup of gin to keep the breath of life in me. Cover your scut, or I'll welt the skin off it.

5. (obsolete)
   1. A garment made from animal skins.
   2. (falconry) The body of any quarry killed by a hawk; also, a dead bird given to a hawk for food.
      • 1852, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “A Day with the Bashah”, in Falconry in the Valley of the Indus, London: John Van Voorst, […], OCLC 728435, page 60:

        If two [hawks] are flown they are certain to fell the game at once, and the falconer is always flurried by their violent propensity to crab over the "pelt."

下位語

派生語

• peltmonger
• pelt of the dog
• pelt rot

関連する語

動詞

pelt (三人称単数 現在形 pelts, 現在分詞 pelting, 過去形および過去分詞形 pelted) (transitive)

1. To remove the skin from (an animal); to skin.
   • 1967, James J. Critchley, “The Plight of the U.S. Mink Farmer”, in Import Quotas Legislation: Hearings before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, First Session on Proposals to Impose Import Quotas on Oil, Steel, Textiles, Meat, Dairy Products, and Other Commodities: Part 1 […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, OCLC 452561, page 108:

     Let us take a typical case of a mink farmer here in Connecticut who is being forced to throw in the sponge this coming fall. […] He pelts from 3500 to 4000 minks a year and has a huge investment of several thousand dollars tied up in his mink business.

2. Chiefly followed by from: to remove (the skin) from an animal.
   • 1596, Tho[mas] Nashe, “Dialogus”, in Haue with You to Saffron-Walden. Or, Gabriell Harveys Hunt is Up. […], London: […] John Danter, OCLC 606512479; republished as J[ohn] P[ayne] C[ollier], editor, Have with You to Saffron-Walden (Miscellaneous Tracts; Temp. Eliz. かつ Jac. I), [London: s.n., 1870], OCLC 952642088, page 80:

     A gentleman (long agoe) lent him an old velvet ſaddle, […] [He] preſently untruſſeth, and pelts the out-ſide from the lining, […] with it he made him a caſe, or cover, for a dublet, which hath caſed and coverd his nakednes ever ſince: […]

     Used to describe removing the velvet covering of a saddle.

3. (obsolete, rare) To remove feathers from (a bird).
   • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] CVII. An Eagle and a Man.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], OCLC 228727523, page 101:

     A Man took an Eagle, Pelted her VVings, and put her among his Hens. Somebody came and bought This Eagle, and preſently Nevv-Feather'd her.

語源 2

The verb is derived from Late Middle English pelt, pelte; further origin uncertain, probably a variant of Late Middle English pilten (“to push, thrust; to strike; to cast down, humble; to incite, induce; to place, put; to extend, reach forward with”) [and other forms],^[4][5] possibly from 古期英語 *pyltan, from Late Latin *pultiare, from Latin pultare (“to beat, knock, strike”), the frequentative of pellere,^[6] the present active infinitive of pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to hurl; to banish, eject, expel, thrust out; to beat, strike; to set in motion”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat; to drive, push”).

The noun is derived from the verb.^[7]

動詞

pelt (三人称単数 現在形 pelts, 現在分詞 pelting, 過去形および過去分詞形 pelted)

1. (transitive)
   1. To bombard (someone または something) with missiles.

      Synonyms: bethwack; see also Thesaurus:hit

      The children are pelting each other with snowballs.

      They pelted the attacking army with bullets.

      • 1563 March 30​, John Foxe, “The Actes of Paschalis II. Bishop of Rome”, in Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], OCLC 64451939, book I, page [51]:

        Pope Lucius [II] being also amongst thē in the fight, well pelted with stones and blowes liued not long after.

      • 1719, [Daniel Defoe], The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], OCLC 613471018, page 223:

        [T]hey ſtood pelting us from the Shore vvith Darts and Arrovvs; […]

      • 1847, Arthur Smith, “Of the Gent who Goes to the Races”, in The Natural History of the Gent, London: David Bogue, […], OCLC 20469997, page 48:

        He pelteth old gentlemen driving four-wheeled chaises with snuff-boxes, and distributeth pincushions to the domestics, breaking windows withal.

      • 1927 May, Virginia Woolf, chapter 4, in To the Lighthouse (Uniform Edition of the Works of Virginia Woolf), new edition, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, […], published 1930, OCLC 459139804, part II (Time Passes), page 207:

        [C]hildren pelting each other with handfuls of grass,— […]

      • 2020 October, Christian Lauren [pseudonym; Christina Hobbs and Lauren Billings], chapter 1, in In a Holidaze, New York, N.Y.: Gallery Books, →ISBN, page 8:

        Standing again, he pelts Kyle in the stomach [with a snowball], who pelts Dad on the arm.

   2. To force (someone または something) to move using blows or the throwing of missiles.
      • 1816, [Walter Scott], chapter III, in The Antiquary. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, OCLC 226649000, page 83:

        […] Martin survived […] to receive absolution from the very priest, whom, precisely on that day three years, he had assisted to pelt out of the hamlet of Morgenbrodt.

      • 1885, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “The Translator’s Foreword”, in A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], volume I, Shammar edition, [London]: […] Burton Club […], OCLC 939632161, page viii:

        Presently, sweetened by distance, would be heard the wild weird song of lads and lasses, driving or rather pelting, through the gloaming their sheep and goats; […]

      • 1939 May 4, James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, London: Faber and Faber Limited, OCLC 715577589; republished London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1960, OCLC 867955333, part I, page 89:

        So he was pelted out of the coram populo, was he?

   3. Of a number of small objects (such as raindrops), or the sun's rays: to beat down or fall on (someone または something) in a shower.
      • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, OCLC 724111485, [Act II, scene i], page 21:

        The chiding billovv ſeemes to pelt the cloudes, / The vvinde ſhak'd ſurge, vvith high and monſtrous mayne, / Seemes to caſt vvater, on the burning Beare, […]

      • 1653, Thomas Middleton; William Rowley, The Changeling: […], London: […] [Thomas Newcombe] for Humphrey Moseley, […], OCLC 228724293, Act II:

        Ile ſtand this ſtorm of hail though the ſtones pelt me.

      • 1782, [Frances Burney], “A Sketch of High Life”, in Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Payne and Son […], and T[homas] Cadell […], OCLC 1326060828, book VI, pages 269–270:

        They had gone but a fevv ſteps, before there came a violent ſhovver of hail; and the vvind, vvhich vvas very high, being immediately in their faces, Cecilia vvas ſo pelted and incommoded, that ſhe vvas frequently obliged to ſtop, in defiance of her utmoſt efforts to force herſelf forvvard.

      • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter X, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], OCLC 3163777, page 268:

        On sleeping, I continued in dreams the idea of a dark and gusty night. […] [T]otal obscurity environed me; rain pelted me; […]

      • 1869, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter LV, in The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims’ Progress; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company. […], OCLC 35710691, page 597:

        The sun so pelted us that the tears ran down our cheeks once or twice.

   4. Chiefly followed by at: to (continuously) throw (missiles) at.

      Synonym: cockshy

      The children pelted apples at us.

      • 1704, [Jonathan Swift], “Section XI. A Tale of a Tub.”, in A Tale of a Tub. […], London: […] John Nutt, […], OCLC 752990886, pages 203–204:

        [I]n his Paroxyſms, as he vvalked the Streets, he vvould have his Pockets loaden vvith Stones, to pelt at the Signs.

      • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, “Interlopers”, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, OCLC 999756093, pages 327–328:

        Will someone hand me anything hard and bruising to pelt at her?

   5. (archaic except Britain, dialectal) To repeatedly beat or hit (someone または something).
   6. (figuratively) To assail (someone) with harsh words in speech or writing; to abuse, to insult.
      • 1710 July 8 (Gregorian calendar)​, Isaac Bickerstaff [pseudonym; Richard Steele et al.], “Tuesday, June 27, 1710”, in The Tatler, number 190; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], volume III, London stereotype edition, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, OCLC 69947324, page 105:

        I have […] had the honour to be pelted with several epistles to expostulate with me on that subject.

      • 1791, James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, “[1775]”, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], volume I, London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], OCLC 1193162412, page 454:

        They don't knovv hovv to go about their abuſe. VVho vvill read a five ſhilling book againſt me? No, Sir, if they had vvit, they ſhould have kept pelting me vvith pamphlets.

2. (intransitive)
   1. Especially of hailstones, rain, or snow: to beat down or fall forcefully or heavily; to rain down.

      It’s pelting down out there!

      • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

        Accurſt be he that firſt inuented war, / They knew not, ah, they knew not ſimple men, / How thoſe were hit by pelting Cannon ſhot, / Stand ſtaggering like a quiuering Aſpen leafe, / Fearing the force of Boreas boiſtrous blaſts.

      • 1819 (date written)​, John Keats, “Fancy”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, OCLC 927360557, page 122:

        Ever let the Fancy roam, / Pleasure never is at home: / At a touch sweet Pleasure melteth, / Like to bubbles when rain pelteth; […]

      • 1822 May, J. M. Lacey, “Address to the First of April Last—a Very Cold Day”, in The Lady’s Monthly Museum; or, Polite Repository of Amusement and Instruction; […], volume XV (Improved Series), London: […] Dean and Munday, […], OCLC 1041735407, stanza 2, page 299:

        Thou peltest fast with icy show'r, / Which surely cannot please one; / The wind too has such boist'rous pow'r, / 'Tis quite enough to freeze one.

      • 1840, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter XXXII, in Two Years before the Mast. […] (Harper’s Family Library; no. CVI), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], OCLC 191240091, page 404:

        On deck, all was dark as a pocket, and either a dead calm, with the rain pouring steadily down, or, more generally, a violent gale dead ahead, with rain pelting horizontally, and occasional variations of hail and sleet;— […]

   2. (figuratively) To move rapidly, especially in or on a conveyance.

      The boy pelted down the hill on his toboggan.

      • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 55746801, page 18:

        The office was closed in a twinkling, and the clerk, with the long ends of his white comforter dangling below his waist (for he boasted no great-coat), went down a slide on Cornhill, at the end of a lane of boys, twenty times, in honour of its being Christmas-eve, and then ran home to Camden Town as hard as he could pelt, to play at blindman's-buff.

      • 1892 March, “Mother Talks—A Spring Walk”, in Cora L. Stockham and Andrea Hofer, editors, The Kindergarten Magazine […], volume IV, number VII, Chicago, Ill.: Kindergarten Publishing Company, OCLC 1298756436, page 471, column 2:

        Spring, is ye comen in, / Dappled larke singe, / Snow melteth, / Runnel pelteth, / Smelleth wind of newe buddinge.

      • 2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎^[1], London: Guardian News & Media, ISSN 0261-3077, OCLC 229952407, archived from the original on 11 July 2022:

        While we choose and buy our purchases with mere inch-wide movements of our thumbs, they are busy rearranging the physical world so that our deliveries pelt towards us in ever-quicker time.

   3. (archaic, also figuratively) Chiefly followed by at: to bombard someone or something with missiles continuously.
      • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i], page 106, column 1:

        The Biſhop, and the Duke of Gloſters men, / Forbidden late to carry any VVeapon, / Haue fill'd their Pockets full of peeble ſtones; / And banding themſelues in contrary parts, / Doe pelt ſo faſt at one anothers Pate.

      • 1645 March 14 (Gregorian calendar), J[ohn] M[ilton], Colasterion: A Reply to a Nameles Answer against The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce. […], [London?: s.n.], OCLC 63957123, page 2:

        [T]heſe light armed refuters vvould have don pelting at thir three lines utterd vvith a ſage delivery of no reaſon, but an impotent and vvors then Bonner-like cenſure, […]

      • a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, “Since the Reformation”, in The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, OCLC 418859860, page 17:

        Arch-biſhop [John] VVhitgifts [prelates], much Pen-perſecuted, and pelted at vvith Libellous Pamphlets, but ſupported by Queen Elizabeths Zeal to maintain the Diſcipline etabliſhed, […]

   4. (obsolete) To throw out harsh words; to show anger.
      • 1564 December 1 (Gregorian calendar), Iohn Rastell [i.e., John Rastell], “[Of Corpus Christi Daye and of the Seruice of that Holye Daye]”, in A Confutation of a Sermon, Pronoũced by M. Iuell, at Paules Crosse, the Second Sondaie before Easter (which Catholikes Doe Call Passion Sondaie) Anno Dñi .M.D.LX., Antwerp: […] Ægidius Diest, OCLC 504513317, folio 84, verso:

        [S]he [the church] holdeth the veritie of his bodie [i.e., Jesus's body in the Eucharist]: ſhe pelteth not vvith God, denying this to be his body, bicauſe ſhe is cōmaunded to do this in remembrãce of hym: but ſhe doth beſt remembre hym, vvhen ſhe hath the bodie vvhich ſuffered, before her.

        “M. Iuell” is John Jewel.

      • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], OCLC 236076664, signature K2, verso:

        Another ſmotherd, ſeemes to pelt and ſvveare, / And in their rage ſuch ſignes of rage they beare, […]

      • 1673, John Milton, Of True Religion, Heresie, Schism, Toleration, and What Best Means may be Us’d against the Growth of Popery. […]; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume II, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, OCLC 926209975, page 811:

        But if they vvho diſſent in matters not eſſential to Belief, vvhile the common Adverſary is in the Field, ſhall ſtand jarring and pelting at one another, they vvill ſoon be routed and ſubdued.

Conjugation

下位語

• brick (verb)
• stean, stone (verb)

派生語

名詞

pelt (複数形 pelts)

1. A beating or falling down of hailstones, rain, or snow in a shower.
   • 1927 May, Virginia Woolf, chapter 6, in To the Lighthouse (Uniform Edition of the Works of Virginia Woolf), new edition, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, […], published 1930, OCLC 459139804, part I (The Window), page 54:

     [D]azed and blinded, she bent her head as if to let the pelt of jagged hail, the drench of dirty water, bespatter her unrebuked.

   • 2013 July 15, Karen-Anne Stewart, chapter 19, in Healing Rain (The Rain Trilogy; 2), Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 134:

     Kas is awakened by the furious pelts of rain hitting the tin roof, and he rolls over, pulling his sleeping wife tightly into his arms.

2. (archaic except Ireland) A blow or stroke from something thrown.
   • 1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Sir Watkin Phillips, Bart. of Jesus College, Oxon.”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume II, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], OCLC 228747282, page 129:

     [T]he cripple, in falling, gave him ſuch a good pelt on the head vvith his crutch, that the blood follovved.

3. (figuratively, archaic)
   1. (except Ireland) A verbal insult; a jeer, a jibe, a taunt.
   2. (except Midlands, Southern England (South West)) A fit of anger; an outburst, a rage.
      • 1655, Thomas Fuller, “Section V. Thomæ Hanson, Amico Meo.”, in James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], volume I, new edition, London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, OCLC 913056315, book III, subsection 29, 30 (The Pope’s Fume against This Good Bishop Quenched by a Spanish Cardinal.), page 359:

        The pope [Innocent IV] being in this pelt, Ægidus, a Spanish cardinal, thus interposed his gravity: […]

4. (chiefly Northern England except in at (full) pelt) An act of moving quickly; a rush.
   • 1907, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Battle of the North Atlantic”, in The War in the Air: […], London: George Bell and Sons, published 1908, OCLC 472087563, § 1, page 146:

     It's a good day off us anyhow, and they're all going south-west by south full pelt as hard as they can go.

派生語

• full pelt

語源 3

Origin uncertain; possibly related to pelting (“mean, paltry”) (廃れた用法), peltry (“rubbish, trash; an unpleasant thing”) (chiefly Scotland, 廃れた用法), and paltry (“of little value, trashy, trivial; contemptibly unimportant, despicable”),^[8] possibly from a Germanic language such as Middle Low German palte, palter (“cloth; rag, shred”),^[9] from Old Saxon *paltro, *palto (“cloth; rag”), from Proto-Germanic *paltrô, *paltô (“patch; rag, scrap”). The ultimate origin is uncertain, but the word is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *polto- (“cloth”).

名詞

pelt (複数形 pelts) (archaic except Kent, Scotland)

1. A tattered or worthless piece of clothing; a rag.
2. (by extension) Anything in a ragged and worthless state; rubbish, trash.

関連する語

• peltry
• paltry
• pelting

語源 4

Origin uncertain; possibly related to palter (“to talk insincerely; to prevaricate or equivocate in speech or actions; to haggle; to babble, chatter; (まれに) to trifle”), further etymology unknown.^[10] The Oxford English Dictionary takes the view that any relation to pelting (“mean, paltry”) (廃れた用法) and paltry (“of little value, trashy, trivial; contemptibly unimportant, despicable”) is unlikely.^[11]

動詞

pelt (三人称単数 現在形 pelts, 現在分詞 pelting, 過去形および過去分詞形 pelted)

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To bargain for a better deal; to haggle.

語源 5

A variant of pelta, borrowed from Latin pelta,^[12] from Ancient Greek πέλτη (péltē, “small crescent-shaped leather shield of Thracian design”);^[13] further etymology uncertain, perhaps either from Thracian, or ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover; to wrap; hide; skin; cloth”).

名詞

pelt (複数形 pelts)

1. (obsolete, rare) Alternative form of pelta
   1. (historical) A small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptical form, or crescent-shaped.
   2. (botany) A flat apothecium with no rim.

参照