hideとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: hīd, IPA^(key): /haɪd/
• 韻: -aɪd

語源 1

From Middle English hiden, huden, from 古期英語 hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”), from Proto-West Germanic *hūdijan (“to conceal”), from Proto-Germanic *hūdijaną (“to conceal”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).

The verb was originally weak. In the King James Version of the Bible (1611) both hid and hidden are used for the past participle.

動詞

hide (third-person singular simple present hides, present participle hiding, simple past hid, past participle hidden or (古風な用法) hid)

1. (transitive) To put (something) in a place where it will be harder to discover or out of sight.

   Synonyms: conceal, hide away, secrete

   Antonyms: disclose, expose, reveal, show, uncover

   • 1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part III Chapter XI, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

     The blind man, whom he had not been able to cure with the pomade, had gone back to the hill of Bois-Guillaume, where he told the travellers of the vain attempt of the druggist, to such an extent, that Homais when he went to town hid himself behind the curtains of the "Hirondelle" to avoid meeting him.

   • 2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

     Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

   He hides his magazines under the bed.

   The politicians were accused of keeping information hidden from the public.

2. (intransitive) To put oneself in a place where one will be harder to find or out of sight.

   Synonyms: go undercover, hide away, hide out, lie low, hole up

   Antonyms: reveal, show

   • 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 206-7:

     Nonetheless, some insect prey take advantage of clutter by hiding in it. Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

派生語

語源 2

From 古期英語 hȳd, of Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hūdi, from Proto-Germanic *hūdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *kéw(H)tis (“skin, hide”) (compare Latin cutis (“skin, rind, hide”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(H)- (“to cover”), ultimately the same root as the above etymology. More at sky.

名詞

hide (複数形 hides)

2. (countable) The skin of an animal.

   Synonyms: pelt, skin

3. (obsolete or derogatory) The human skin.
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide!

5. (metonymically, uncountable, informal, usually US) One's own life or personal safety, especially when in peril.

   to save his own hide

   better watch his hide

   Coordinate term: ass (see ass § Usage notes)

   • 1957, Ayn Rand, Francisco d'Anconia's speech in Atlas Shrugged:

     The rotter who simpers that he sees no difference between the power of money and the power of the whip, ought to learn the difference on his own hide—as I think he will.

6. (countable) (主に英国用法) A covered structure from which hunters, birdwatchers, etc can observe animals without scaring them.
7. (countable, architecture) A secret room for hiding oneself or valuables; a hideaway.
   • 1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 125:

     In the early days of American settlement, hides were built into houses to provide protection from the Indians and to conceal merchandise from the threat of taxation or thievery.

8. (countable) A covered structure to which a pet animal can retreat, as is recommended for snakes.

派生語

動詞

hide (三人称単数 現在形 hides, 現在分詞 hiding, 過去形および過去分詞形 hided)

1. To beat with a whip made from hide.
   • 1891, Robert Weir, J. Moray Brown, Riding

     He ran last week, and he was hided, and he was out on the day before yesterday, and here he is once more, and he knows he's got to run and to be hided again.

語源 3

From Middle English hide, from 古期英語 hīd, hȳd, hīġed, hīġid (“a measure of land”), for earlier *hīwid (“the amount of land needed to support one family”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *hīwaz, *hīwō (“relative, fellow-lodger, family”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie with, store, be familiar”). Related to 古期英語 hīwisc (“hide of land, household”), 古期英語 hīwan (“members of a family, household”). More at hewe, hind.

名詞

hide (複数形 hides)

2. (historical) A unit of land and tax assessment of varying size, originally as intended to support one household with dependents. [from 9th c.]
   • 2016, Peter H. Wilson, The Holy Roman Empire, Penguin 2017, p. 488:

     The exact size of hides varied with soil quality, but each one generally encompassed 24 to 26 hectares.

   Synonym: carucate

使用する際の注意点

The hide was originally intended to represent the amount of land farmed by a single household but was primarily connected to obligations owed (in England) to the Saxon and Norman kings, and thus varied greatly from place to place. Around the time of the Domesday Book under the Normans, the hide was usually but not always the land expected to produce £1 (1 Tower pound of sterling silver) in income over the year.

上位語

• (100 hides) barony

下位語

• (¹⁄₄ hide) See virgate
• (¹⁄₈ hide) See oxgang
• (¹⁄₁₆ hide) nook
• farundel

アナグラム

• Heid, Ihde, hied