behindとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English behinde, behinden, from 古期英語 behindan (“on the back side of, behind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bihindan, *bihindini (“on the back side of, in the rear of, behind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bi- + *hindō (“the hind side, back part”), equivalent to be- +‎ hind. Compare Old Saxon bihindan (“behind”, adverb), Middle High German behinter (“behind; back”).

発音

• (preposition, adverb)
  • IPA^(key): /bɪˈhaɪnd/, /bəˈhaɪnd/
• (noun)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/, /bɪˈhaɪnd/
  • (英国発音) IPA^(key): /bɪˈhaɪnd/, /bəˈhaɪnd/
• 韻: -aɪnd
• ハイフネーション: be‧hind

前置詞

behind

1. At or to the back or far side of.

   The children were hiding behind the wall.

   The sun went behind the clouds.

   Look behind you!

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection.
     […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, little dreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.

   • 2013 July 19, Garton Ash, Timothy, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

     Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

   Synonyms: (米国用法) in back of, to the rear of, (Chester) a-back

   Antonym: in front of

   1. (figuratively) Concealed by (something serving as a facade または disguise).

      Behind the smile was a cruel intention.

   2. (figuratively) In the past, from the viewpoint of.

      All my problems are behind me.

2. Less forward or advanced than; after.

   Antonym: ahead of

   1. After in physical progress or distance.

      Smith finished the race a lap behind the others.

      • 1883, Stevenson, Robert Louis, Treasure Island:

        About the center, and a good way behind the rest, Silver and I followed — I tethered by my rope […].

   2. After in developmental progress, score, grade, etc.; inferior to.

      I'm ranked sixth in the French class, behind five other pupils.

      In the cricket match, England are 120 runs behind India.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 11:5:

        For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles.

   3. After in time.

      London is nine hours behind Tokyo.

3. Responsible for, being the creator or controller of.

   Who is behind these terrorist attacks?

   Mr Jones was the man behind the redevelopment plan.

4. Underlying, being the reason for or explanation of.

   What is behind this unexpected decision?

5. In support of.

   The republicans are fully behind their candidate.

6. (sometimes regarded as nonstandard, US, informal) Following, subsequent to; as a result or consequence of.
   • 2012, DeShawn Dorsey, Longsuffering Through Emotional Wounds, page 40:

     He was like, 'Fuck the police! Fuck you! You know who I am, you gonna quit playing with me, bitch.' I'm like let's go. 'Cause I wasn't trying to go to jail behind that shit.

   • 2021, Ian Miller, OutKick‎^[1]:

     Bud Light replaces Marketing VP behind Dylan Mulvaney partnership.

派生語

副詞

behind (comparative more behind or (まれに または 一般的ではない用法) behinder, superlative most behind or (まれに または 一般的ではない用法) behindest)

1. At or in the rear or back part of something.

   The water flows out through the pipe, and the sediment collects behind.

2. In a rearward direction.

   We ran and ran, without once looking behind.

3. So as to come after someone or something in position, distance, advancement, ranking, time, etc.

   The slower runners were left a long way behind.

   In the cricket match, England finished a long way behind.

   The worst thing about autumn is that winter follows behind.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     I shall not lag behind.

4. So as to be still in place after someone or something has departed or ceased to exist.

   I couldn't be bothered to carry the ironing board, so I left it behind.

   He stayed behind after the war.

   He left behind a legacy of death and sorrow.

   The island was inundated by the sea, leaving not a trace behind.

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
     And, like this insubstantial pageant faded, / Leave not a rack behind.

5. Backward in time or order of succession; past.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Philippians 3:13:

     […] forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before

6. Behind the scenes in a theatre; backstage.
   • 1890, Wilde, Oscar, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Vintage, published 2007, page 68:

     ‘After the performance was over I went behind, and spoke to her.’

7. (archaic) Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of sight; remaining.
   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 4, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 16:

     We cannot be sure that there is no evidence behind.

使用する際の注意点

For usage in phrasal verbs, see Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (behind).

形容詞

behind (comparative more behind or (まれに または 一般的ではない用法) behinder, superlative most behind or (まれに または 一般的ではない用法) behindest)

1. Not advanced to the required or expected degree; overdue or in arrears.

   I'm very behind in my schedule.

   My employer is two paychecks behind on paying my salary.

2. (of a watch または clock) Slow.

   My watch is behind by four minutes.

名詞

behind (複数形 behinds)

1. The rear, back-end.

   This part fits under the behind of the vehicle.

   She sneaked up on me from behind.

2. (informal) The buttocks, bottom, butt.

   I was stung on the behind by a wasp.

   • 2010, Mary Roach, “One Furry Step for Mankind: The Strange Careers of Ham and Enos”, in Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 158:

     "So the catheter didn't have anything to do with keeping him from touching himself?" I don't usually go in for euphemisms, but Fineg is a man who says "behind", as in "I have a picture where he bit me in the behind." The catheter, it turns out, was in the chimp's femoral artery (to monitor blood pressure), not his urethra.

   • 2011 December 12, Alyssa Newcomb, “Sit, Stay, Aim, Fire. Dog Shoots Another Hunter”, in ABC News‎^[2], archived from the original on 25 October 2021:

     "The dog got excited, was jumping around inside the boat and then it jumped on the gun. It went off, shooting the [decoy setter] in the buttocks," Box Elder County Sheriff's Chief Deputy Kevin Potter told the Salt Lake Tribune. Twenty-seven rounds of birdshot were removed from the man's behind after the accident.

3. (豪州用法 rules football) A one-point score.
   • 1880, “The Opening Ball”, in G. Lehmann, editor, Comic Australian Verse, 1975, quoted in G. A. Wilkes, A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, second edition, Sydney University Press, published 1985, →ISBN:

     A roar from ten thousand throats go up,
     For we've kicked another behind.

4. (baseball, slang, 1800s) The catcher.
5. In the Eton College field game, any of a group of players consisting of two "shorts" (who try to kick the ball over the bully) and a "long" (who defends the goal).

派生語

関連する語

• hind
• hiney

参照

• behind in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• “behind”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8