umbrellaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Italian ombrella, umbrella (“parasol, sunshade”), dim. of ombra (“shade”) (または from a Late Latin または Medieval Latin umbrella), from Latin umbra (“shadow”).

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /ʌmˈbɹɛlə/
• (Southern American English) IPA^(key): /ˈʌmbɹɛlə/
• 韻: -ɛlə

名詞

umbrella (複数形 umbrellas)

1. A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.

   Quick, grab that umbrella before you get rained on!

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0091:

     There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

   • 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 197:

     When the [lost property] office first opened, the most frequently lost items were umbrellas. Every white-collar professional carried one, but despite, or because of, that they were easily forgotten about. [...] In the 1930s, a quarter of a million umbrellas a year came into the office. Now it's more like 10,000.

2. Generally, anything that provides protection.

   The fighters provide a defensive air umbrella over the battle group.

3. Something that covers a wide range of concepts, purposes, groups, etc.

   The test facility was established under the umbrella of the company's quality program.

4. The main body of a jellyfish, excluding the tentacles.

   Jellyfish are composed of more than 90% water and most of their umbrella mass is made up of gelatinous material.

5. (photography, television) An umbrella-shaped reflector with a white or silvery inner surface, used to diffuse a nearby light.
   • 2014, Michael Allen, Modern Wedding Photography (page 97)

     Using umbrellas for shooting a wedding party is ok, but not necessary.

同意語

• bumbershoot, umbershoot (both US スラング)
• brolly (口語)
• gamp (dated, 口語)
• parasol
• rain napper (英国用法, スラング, 廃れた用法)
• rainshade

派生語

関連する語

• umbra, umbrel, umbrere

派生した語

• → Welsh: ymbarél

参考

• awning
• bumbershoot
• gamp
• parasol
• shield

Further reading

• umbrella in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• umbrella in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

動詞

umbrella (三人称単数 現在形 umbrellas, 現在分詞 umbrellaing, 過去形および過去分詞形 umbrellaed)

1. (transitive) To cover or protect, as if by an umbrella.
   • 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, “Life Loves Living,”^[1]

     Experts with saws and ladders came and lopped off the lower branches. This sent the tree's growth rushing violently to her head in a lush overhanging which umbrellaed the House of All Sorts.

   • 2008, Jonathan Kellerman, Bad Love: Alex Delaware 8:

     Huge pine and eucalyptus umbrellaed the grounds, airconditioning the morning.

2. (intransitive) To form the dome shape of an open umbrella.
   • 2011, B. A. Rothwell, The Peaceful Queen, page 31:

     Bright yellow gowns fit them tightly and umbrellaed from their waist to just below the knees.

3. (intransitive) To move like a jellyfish.
   • 1997, National Geographic Traveler, page 36:

     The light catches the filigreed tendrils and graceful motion of the jellies, their orange bodies umbrella-ing along like fairy parasols come to life.

アナグラム

• umbellar