openとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English open, from 古期英語 open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”). Cognate with Scots apen (“open”), Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”), West Frisian iepen (“open”), Dutch open (“open”), Low German open, apen (“open”), German offen (“open”), Danish åben (“open”), Swedish öppen (“open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”), Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”), Icelandic opinn (“open”). Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.

形容詞

open (comparative more open, superlative most open)

1. (usually not comparable) Not closed.
   1. Able to be accessed (physically).
   2. Able to have something pass through or along it.

      Turn left after the second open door.

      • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

        The open road, the dusty highway […]

   3. (of a body part) not covered, showing what is inside

      It was as if his body had gone to sleep standing up and with his eyes open.

2. Not physically drawn together, closed, folded or contracted; extended.

   an open hand; an open flower

   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.

3. (not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.

   Banks are not open on bank holidays.

   • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

4. (comparable) Receptive.

   I am open to new ideas.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 19:38:

     Wherefore if Demetrius […] have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies.

   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     The service that I truly did his life, / Hath left me open to all injuries.

   • 2005, Pamela J. Carter, Susan Lewsen, Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing Assistants (page 277)

     When the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread of a closed bed are turned back, or fanfolded, the closed bed becomes an open bed, or a bed ready to receive a patient or resident.

   • 2021 April 2, Ciara Nugent, “Can Public Transit Survive the Pandemic? London's New Transport Commissioner Wants You to Believe It Can”, in Time‎^[1]:

     A U.K. survey found attitudes toward public transit had been set back by two decades, with only 43% of drivers open to using their car less, even if public transport improves.

6. (not comparable) Public

   He published an open letter to the governor on a full page of the New York Times.

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     His thefts were too open.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     That I may find him, and with secret gaze / Or open admiration him behold.

   • 2001, He, Xiaopei, “Chinese Queer (Tongzhi) Women Organizing in the 1990s”, in Ping-Chun Hsiung; Maria Jaschok; Cecilia Milwertz; Red Chan, editors, Chinese Women Organizing: Cadres, Feminists, Muslims, Queers‎^[2], Berg, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 41:

     Due to severe and pervasive discrimination, people dared not be open about their homosexuality, and because no one would be open, social prejudice and discrimination became even stronger.

8. (not comparable) With open access, of open science, or both.

   hopes for all aspects of the project being open rather than paywalled

9. (not comparable) Candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character.

   The man is an open book.

   • 1731-1735, Alexander Pope, Moral Essays

     with aspect open, shall erect his head

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     The Moor is of a free and open nature.

   • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The French are always open, familiar, and talkative.

10. (now regional) Mild (of the weather); free from frost or snow.
    • c. 1794, Jane Austen, Lady Susan:

      He desires me to tell you that the present open weather induces him to accept Mr Vernon's invitation to prolong his stay in Sussex that they may have some hunting together.

11. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Having a free variable.
12. (mathematics, topology, of a set) Which is part of a predefined collection of subsets of ${\displaystyle X}$, that defines a topological space on ${\displaystyle X}$.
13. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are different.
14. (computing, not comparable, of a file, document, etc.) In current use; mapped to part of memory.

    I couldn't save my changes because another user had the same file open.

15. (engineering, gas かつ liquid flow, of valve または damper) To be in a position allowing fluid to flow.
16. (electricity, of a switch または circuit breaker) To be in a position preventing electricity from flowing.
17. (business) Not fulfilled.

    I've got open orders for as many containers of red durum as you can get me.

18. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.

    an open question

    to keep an offer or opportunity open

    your account will remain open until we receive final settlement.

19. (music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.
20. (music) Of a note, played without closing any finger-hole, key or valve.
21. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing waterways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; used of the weather or the climate.

    an open winter

22. (law, of correspondence) Written or sent with the intention that it may made public or referred to at any trial, rather than by way of confidential private negotiation for a settlement.

    You will observe that this is an open letter and we reserve the right to mention it to the judge should the matter come to trial.

23. (phonetics) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; said of vowels.
    • 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:

      "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)

24. (phonetics) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure.
25. (phonetics, of a syllable) That ends in a vowel; not having a coda.
26. (computing, education) Made public, usable with a free licence and without proprietary components.
27. (medicine) Resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body.
28. (computing, used before "code") Source code of a computer program that is not within the text of a macro being generated.
29. (of a multi-word compound) Having component words separated by spaces, as opposed to being joined together or hyphenated; for example, time slot as opposed to timeslot or time-slot.