shutとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English shutten, shetten, from 古期英語 scyttan (“to cause rapid movement, shoot a bolt, shut, bolt, shut to, discharge a debt, pay off”), from Proto-Germanic *skutjaną, *skuttijaną (“to bar, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skuttą, *skuttjō (“bar, bolt, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to drive, fall upon, rush”). Cognate with Dutch schutten (“to shut in, lock up”), Low German schütten (“to shut, lock in”), German schützen (“to shut out, dam, protect, guard”).

動詞

shut (三人称単数 現在形 shuts, 現在分詞 shutting, 過去形および過去分詞形 shut)

1. (transitive) To close, to stop from being open.

   Please shut the door.

   The light was so bright I had to shut my eyes.

2. (intransitive) To close, to stop being open.

   If you wait too long, the automatic door will shut.

3. (transitive or intransitive, chiefly Britain) To close a business temporarily, or (of a business) to be closed.

   The pharmacy is shut on Sunday.

4. (transitive) To confine in an enclosed area.

   I shut the cat in the kitchen before going out.

5. (transitive) To catch or snag in the act of shutting something.

   He's just shut his finger in the door.

6. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out.
   • (Can we date this quote by Dryden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     shut from every shore

使用する際の注意点

Except when part of one of the derived terms listed below, almost every use of shut can be replaced by close. The reverse is not true -- there are many uses of close that cannot be replaced by shut.

派生語

形容詞

shut (not comparable)

1. Closed.

   A shut door barred our way into the house.

2. (linguistics, phonetics) Synonym of close
   • 1810, Benjamin Humphrey Smart, A practical grammar of English pronunciation, page 344:

     Whenever a syllable is formed with a long, that is an open vowel, they account the syllable long; and whenever formed with a short, that is a shut vowel, they reckon it short.

名詞

shut (複数形 shuts)

1. The act or time of shutting; close.

   the shut of a door

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 8”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     Just then returnd at shut of Evening Flours.

2. A door or cover; a shutter.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Sir Isaac Newton to this entry?)

3. The line or place where two pieces of metal are welded together.

語源 2

Variation of chute or shute (古風な用法, related to shoot) from 古期英語 scēotan.

名詞

shut (複数形 shuts)

1. (Britain, Shropshire dialect) A narrow alley or passage acting as a short cut through the buildings between two streets.

同意語

• (alleyway): See Thesaurus:alley

アナグラム

• Hust, STHU, Tush, huts, thus, tush