liftとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), 古期英語 lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".

(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic �������������� (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).^[1]

動詞

lift (third-person singular simple present lifts, present participle lifting, simple past lifted or (まれに, regional, 廃れた用法) lift, past participle lifted or (まれに, regional, 廃れた用法) lift or (廃れた用法) yleft)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To raise or rise.

   The fog eventually lifted, leaving the streets clear.

   You never lift a finger to help me!

   • c. 1490, Of Penance and Confession be master Jhon Yrlandː

     Liftand (lifting) thy hands and thy eyen to Heaven.

   • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:

     Their walk had continued not more than ten minutes when they crossed a creek by a wooden bridge and came to a row of mean houses standing flush with the street. At the door of one, an old black woman had stooped to lift a large basket, piled high with laundered clothes.

   • 2015 February 7, Val Bourne, “The quiet man of the world of snowdrops”, in The Daily Telegraph (London), page G8:

     Once it [a snowdrop variety] became established, some bulbs were lifted and passed on to be chipped (i.e. cut into small pieces かつ grown on).

2. (transitive, slang) To steal.
   • 1919, Rudyard Kipling, The Ballad of East and West:

     Kamal is out with twenty men to raise the Border side,
     And he has lifted the Colonel's mare that is the Colonel's pride.

   • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter VI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

     “Wilbert Cream is a ... what's the word?” I referred to the letter. “A kleptomaniac […] Does any thought occur to you?” “It most certainly does. I am thinking of your uncle's collection of old silver.” “Me, too.” “It presents a grave temptation to the unhappy young man.” “I don't know that I'd call him unhappy. He probably thoroughly enjoys lifting the stuff.”

3. (transitive, slang) To source directly without acknowledgement; to plagiarise.
   • 2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 258:

     Based on a similarity across a range of Anglo-Indian entries in these three dictionaries, it appears that (along with other lexis) Barrère and Leland (1898) copied this entry from Hotten (1864), who had in turn lifted it directly from Stocqueler (1848).

4. (transitive, slang) To arrest (a person).
   • 2000, Marie Smyth, Marie-Therese Fay, Personal Accounts From Northern Ireland's Troubles:

     Maybe the police lifted him and he's in Castlereagh [Interrogation Centre] because he'd been lifted three or four times previously and took to Castlereagh. They used to come in and raid the house and take him away.

5. (transitive) To remove (a ban, restriction, etc.).
6. (transitive) To alleviate, to lighten (pressure, tension, stress, etc.)
   • 2011 September 24, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 3 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     The Gunners boss has been heavily criticised for his side's poor start to the Premier League season but this result helps lift the pressure.

7. (transitive) to cause to move upwards.
   • 2011 October 2, Aled Williams, “Swansea 2 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport Wales‎^[2]:

     Graham secured victory with five minutes left, coolly lifting the ball over Asmir Begovic.

8. (informal, intransitive) To lift weights; to weight-lift.

   She lifts twice a week at the gym.

9. To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing.
   • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:

     strained by lifting at a weight too heavy

10. To elevate or improve in rank, condition, etc.; often with up.
    • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:

      The Roman virtues lift up mortal man.

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 3:6:

      being lifted up with pride

11. (obsolete) To bear; to support.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

      Th' earth him underneath
      Did grone, as feeble so great load to lift.

12. To collect, as moneys due; to raise.
13. (programming) To transform (a function) into a corresponding function in a different context.
    • 2021, Dean Wampler, chapter 2, in Programming Scala, 3rd edition, O'Reilly, →ISBN:

      Finally, we can lift a partial function into a regular (total) function that returns an Option or a Some(value) when the partial function is defined for the input argument or None when it isn't.

14. (finance) To buy a security or other asset previously offered for sale.
15. (hunting, transitive) To take (hounds) off the existing scent and move them to another spot.
    • 1885, Lina Chaworth Musters, Book of Hunting Songs and Sport, page 144:

      I lifted the hounds (hoping to catch the leading ones there) to the far side of Hallaton Thorns.

使用する際の注意点

Lift also has an obsolete form liftand for the present participle. The strong forms were common until the 17th century in writing and still survive in speech in a few rural dialects.

下位語

• airlift

派生語

名詞

lift (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 lifts)

1. An act of lifting or raising.
2. The act of transporting someone in a vehicle; a ride; a trip.

   Synonym: ride

   He gave me a lift to the bus station.

   • 1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt‎^[3]:

     Accordingly, in spite of many grumbles and remonstrances from Summerlee, I ordered an additional tube, which was placed with the other in his motor-car, for he had offered me a lift to Victoria.

3. (UK, Australia, New Zealand) Mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building.

   Synonym: (米国用法, Canada, Australia) elevator

   Take the lift to the fourth floor.

4. An upward force, such as the force that keeps aircraft aloft.

   Synonym: uplift

5. (measurement) The difference in elevation between the upper pool and lower pool of a waterway, separated by lock.
6. (historical slang) A thief.
   • 1977, Gãmini Salgãdo, The Elizabethan Underworld, Folio Society, published 2006, page 32:

     The lift came into the shop dressed like a country gentleman, but was careful not to have a cloak about him, so that the tradesman could see he had no opportunity to conceal any goods about his person.

7. (dance) The lifting of a dance partner into the air.
8. Permanent construction with a built-in platform that is lifted vertically.
9. (figurative) An improvement in mood.
   • 2010, Anne Baker, With a Little Luck:

     Just to think he had both a mistress and a wife gave him a lift. He needed a lift, for although he'd had promotion, his wasn't an exciting job.

   • 2012 November 17, “Arsenal 5-2 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport‎^[4]:

     The dismissal of a player who left Arsenal for Manchester City before joining Tottenham gave the home players and fans a noticeable lift.

10. The amount or weight to be lifted.

    What's the maximum lift of this crane?

11. The space or distance through which anything is lifted.
12. A rise; a degree of elevation.

    the lift of a lock in canals

13. A liftgate.
14. (nautical) A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below, and used for raising or supporting the end of the yard.
15. (engineering) One of the steps of a cone pulley.
16. (shoemaking) A layer of leather in the heel of a shoe.
17. (horology) That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the impulse is given.
    • 1887, Claudius Saunier, A Treatise on Modern Horology in Theory and Practice:

      some measure the total lift and others only the lift on one side , a quantity which is not exactly half of the total lift

派生語

派生した語

• → Swahili: lifti

参考

• escalator

参照

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language

語源 2

From Middle English lifte, luft, lefte (“air, sky, heaven”), from 古期英語 lyft (“atmosphere, air”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“roof, sky, air”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”).

Cognate with Old High German luft (“air”) (German Luft), Dutch lucht (“air”), Old Norse lopt, loft (“upper room, sky, air”). More at loft.

名詞

lift (usually uncountable, 複数形 lifts)

1. (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) Air.
2. (UK dialectal, chiefly Scotland) The sky; the heavens; firmament; atmosphere.
   • 1836, Joanna Baillie, Witchcraft, act 1, page 13:

     No, no, Leddy! the sun maun be up in the lift whan I venture to her den.

同意語

• (gas または vapour breathed): air
• (firmament, ethereal region surrounding the earth): atmosphere
• (the heavens, sky): welkin

参照

• lift at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “lift”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “lift”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• ILTF, flit