controlとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrarotulum (“a counter-roll または register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contra (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /kənˈtɹəʊl/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹoʊl/
• ハイフネーション: con‧trol

動詞

control (三人称単数 現在形 controls, 現在分詞 controlling, 過去形および過去分詞形 controlled)

1. (transitive) To exercise influence over; to suggest or dictate the behavior of.

   Synonyms: besteer, bewield, manage, puppeteer, rule

   With a simple remote, he could control the toy truck.

   • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[1], volume 188, number 23, page 19:

     In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]  The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2. (transitive, statistics) (construed with for) To design (an experiment) so that the effects of one or more variables are reduced or eliminated.
3. (transitive, archaic) to verify the accuracy of (something または someone, especially a financial account) by comparison with another account
4. (transitive, obsolete) to call to account, to take to task, to challenge
5. (transitive) to hold in check, to curb, to restrain

同意語

• ctrl.

反意語

• defy, rebel, resist (not to be controlled)
• obey, submit (to be controlled)

派生語

参考

• regulate

名詞

control (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 controls)

1. (countable, uncountable) Influence or authority over something.

   The government has complete control over the situation.

2. The method and means of governing the performance of any apparatus, machine or system, such as a lever, handle or button.
3. Restraint or ability to contain one's movements or emotions, or self-control.
   • 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times‎^[2]:

     She had no control of her body as she tumbled downhill. She did not know up from down. It was not unlike being cartwheeled in a relentlessly crashing wave.

   • 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27:

     The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you […] "share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

4. A security mechanism, policy, or procedure that can counter system attack, reduce risks, and resolve vulnerabilities; a safeguard or countermeasure.
5. (project management) A means of monitoring for, and triggering intervention in, activities that are not going according to plan.
6. A control group or control experiment.
7. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Johnson to this entry?)

8. (graphical user interface) An interface element that a computer user interacts with, such as a window or a text box.

   Synonym: widget

9. (climatology) Any of the physical factors determining the climate of a place, such as latitude, distribution of land and water, altitude, exposure, prevailing winds, permanent high- or low-barometric-pressure areas, ocean currents, mountain barriers, soil, and vegetation.
10. (linguistics) A construction in which the understood subject of a given predicate is determined by an expression in context. See control.
11. (spiritualism, parapsychology) A spirit that takes possession of a psychic or medium and allows other spirits to communicate with the living.
    • 1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist‎^[3]:

      "Ah, who are they? I wonder. Guides, controls, psychic entities of some kind. Who the agents of vengeance - or I should say justice - are, is really not essential."

下位語

派生語

関連する語

Further reading

• control in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• control in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911.
• control on Wikipedia.
• Control in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)