exerciseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English exercise, from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/
• ハイフネーション: ex‧er‧cise

名詞

exercise (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 exercises)

1. (countable) Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.

   The teacher told us that the next exercise is to write an essay.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto VI, stanza 25:

     Where noyse of armes, or vew of martiall guize / Might not reuiue desire of knightly exercize.

   • 1693, [John Locke], “§178”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], OCLC 1161614482:

     an exercise of the eyes and memory

2. (countable, uncountable) Activity intended to improve physical, or sometimes mental, strength and fitness.

   Swimming is good exercise.

   I like to do my exercises every morning before breakfast.

   I do crosswords for mental exercise.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 639762314:

     This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking. […] He was smooth-faced, and his fresh skin and well-developed figure bespoke the man in good physical condition through active exercise, yet well content with the world's apportionment.

   • 2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 107:

     Regular mental exercise keeps the circuits of the brain active and healthy and reduces the risk of dementia.

3. A setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use.

   The law guarantees us the free exercise of our rights.

   • December 8, 1801, Thomas Jefferson, first annual message

     exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, または |part=Prologue, I to VII, または conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 2024748:

     O we will walk this world, / Yoked in all exercise of noble end.

4. The performance of an office, ceremony, or duty.

   I assisted the ailing vicar in the exercise of his parish duties.

   • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 1051505315:

     Lewis […] refused even those of the church of England […] the public exercise of their religion.

   • c. 1593, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

     He doth entreat your Grace, my noble lord, To visit him tomorrow or next day. To draw him from his holy exercise.

5. (obsolete) That which gives practice; a trial; a test.
   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], OCLC 228732398, page 77:

     But patience is more oft the exerciſe / Of Saints, the trial of thir fortitude,

派生語

関連する語

動詞

exercise (三人称単数 現在形 exercises, 現在分詞 exercising, 過去形および過去分詞形 exercised)

1. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop.

   to exercise troops or horses;  to exercise one's brain with a puzzle

2. (intransitive) To perform physical activity for health or training.

   I exercise at the gym every day.

3. (transitive) To use (a right, an option, etc.); to put into practice.

   The tenant exercised his option to renew the tenancy.

   She is going to exercise her right to vote.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Ezekiel 22:29:

     The people of the land haue vsed oppression, and exercised robbery, and haue vexed the poore and needie: yea, they haue oppressed the stranger wrongfully.

4. (now often in passive) To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious.

   exercised with pain

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 88–89:

     Where pain of unextinguiſhable fire / Muſt exerciſe us without hope of end

5. (obsolete) To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Acts 24:16:

     And herein doe I exercise my selfe to haue alwayes a conscience void of offence toward God, and toward men.

   • 1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter I, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, OCLC 40817384, page 18:

     Little disappointed, then, she turned attention to "Chat of the Social World," gossip which exercised potent fascination upon the girl's intelligence.

派生語

参考

参考