grammarとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English gramer, gramarye, gramery, from Old French gramaire (“classical learning”), from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve, scratch”). Displaced native 古期英語 stæfcræft.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/
• (General American) enPR: grăm'ər, IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹæmɚ/
• 韻: -æmə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: gram‧mar

名詞

grammar (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 grammars)

1. A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
2. (uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
3. A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
4. (computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.
   • 2006, Patrick Blackburn · Johan Bos · Kristina Striegnitz, Learn Prolog Now!, §8.2

     Because real lexicons are big and complex, from a software engineering perspective it is best to write simple grammars that have a simple, well-defined way, of pulling out the information they need from vast lexicons. That is, grammars should be thought of as separate entities which can access the information contained in lexicons. We can then use specialised mechanisms for efficiently storing the lexicon and retrieving data from it.

5. Actual or presumed prescriptive notions about the correct use of a language.
6. (computing theory) A formal system defining a formal language
7. The basic rules or principles of a field of knowledge or a particular skill.
   • 2011, Javier Solana and Daniel Innerarity, Project Syndicate, The New Grammar of Power:

     We must learn a new grammar of power in a world that is made up more of the common good – or the common bad – than of self-interest or national interest.

8. (Britain, archaic) A textbook.

   a grammar of geography

9. (Britain) A grammar school.
   • 2012, Graeme Paton, A green light for more grammars? (in The Daily Telegraph, 11 January 2012)

同意語

• (study & field of study in medieval Latin contexts): glomery
• (linguistics): morpho-syntax (from the relationship between morphology かつ syntax)

下位語

• context-sensitive grammar
• finite-state grammar
• Turing-complete grammar
• normative grammar

派生語

関連する語

• glamour
• gramarye

動詞

grammar (三人称単数 現在形 grammars, 現在分詞 grammaring, 過去形および過去分詞形 grammared)

1. (obsolete, intransitive) To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.
   • c. 1619–1623, John Ford, “The Lavves of Candy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, OCLC 3083972, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):