stressとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /stɹɛs/
• 韻: -ɛs

名詞

stress (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 stresses)

1. (biology) A physical, chemical, infective agent aggressing an organism.
2. (biology) Aggression toward an organism resulting in a response in an attempt to restore previous conditions.
3. (countable, physics) The internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ or τ.
4. (countable, physics) Force externally applied to a body which cause internal stress within the body.
5. (uncountable) Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal.

   Go easy on him, he's been under a lot of stress lately.

6. (countable, phonetics, loosely) A suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound, word or word group by means of of loudness, duration or pitch; phonological prominence.

   Synonym: accent

   Some people put the stress on the first syllable of “controversy”; others put it on the second.

7. (countable, phonetics, strictly) The suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound by means of of loudness and/or duration; phonological prominence phonetically achieved by means of dynamics as distinct from pitch.

   Synonym: stress accent

   Antonyms: pitch, pitch accent

   • 2020 July 9, Steve Rapaport, “Parallel syncretism in early Indo-European”, in Bridget Drinka, editor, Historical Linguistics 2017: Selected Papers from the 23rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics, San Antonio, Texas, 31 July – 4 August 2017, →DOI, page 59:

     The shift from pitch to stress appears to happen before the other obliques begin merging in the Proto-Italic, Proto-Germanic, Primitive Irish, and Middle Indo-Aryan. But further investigation into the timeline of sound changes […] shows that, at least in Germanic, the oblique and core noun stems sound quite unpredictably different in all these families by the time of the crucial accent shift from pitch to stress. […] once a language becomes stress-sensitive, there seems to be a strong tendency in early Indo-European languages to shift the stress to the first syllable. This change happens shortly after the change to stress accent in Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, and Proto-Celtic, and even Thessalian, with evidence from Dybo's Law and Verner's Law left behind to show that sound changes happened after the changes to stress accent.

8. (uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken または written).
9. Obsolete form of distress.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     With this sad Hersal of his heavy stress,
     The warlike Damzel was empassion's sore,
     And said; Sir Knight, your Cause is nothing less
     Than is your Sorrow , certes if not more

10. (Scotland, law) distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.

同意語

• (phonetics): accent, emphasis
• (on words in speaking): emphasis
• (on a point): emphasis

派生語

• stress deafness
• stress-free, stressfree
• stressful
• stresswise

動詞

stress (三人称単数 現在形 stresses, 現在分詞 stressing, 過去形および過去分詞形 stressed)

1. (transitive) To apply force to (a body または structure) causing strain.
2. (transitive) To apply emotional pressure to (a person または animal).
3. (intransitive, informal) To suffer stress; to worry or be agitated.
4. (transitive) To emphasise (a syllable of a word).

   “Emphasis” is stressed on the first syllable, but “emphatic” is stressed on the second.

5. (transitive) To emphasise (words in speaking).
6. (transitive) To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion.

   I must stress that this information is given in strict confidence.

同意語

• (phonetics): emphasise/emphasize
• (on words in speaking): emphasise/emphasize
• (on a point): emphasise/emphasize, underline

派生語

• de-stress, destress
• stressed
• stress out

参照

関連する語

• strain
• strait
• strict
• stringent
• stringency