specialとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: spĕʹshəl, IPA^(key): /ˈspɛʃ.əl/
• 韻: -ɛʃəl

形容詞

special (comparative more special または specialer, superlative most special または specialest)

1. Distinguished by a unique or unusual quality.

   a special episode of a television series

   • 2004, George Carlin, “PLEASE DON'T SAY THAT”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎^[1], New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 132:

     EVERY CHILD IS SPECIAL
     An empty and meaningless sentiment. What about every adult? Isn't every adult special? And if not, then at what age does a person go from being special to being not-so-special? And if every adult is also special, then that means all people are special and the idea has no meaning.

2. Of particular personal interest or value; dear; beloved.

   Everyone is special to someone.

   1. Allowed to break rules that apply to others; unpunishable.

      Why are you standing up in your seat? What are you, special?

3. (euphemistic) Of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities.

   special education, special needs

   He goes to a special school.

4. (by extension, derogatory, often offensive) Stupid, lacking intelligence.

   What do you mean, you don't understand the sign? What are you, special?

5. Constituting or relating to a species.

   Synonym: specific

   The seven dark spots is a special property unique to Coccinella septempunctata.

6. Chief in excellence.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:

     The king hath drawn / The special head of all the land together.

7. (military) Of or related to unconventional warfare.

   special forces, special operations

反意語

• (distinguished by a unique または unusual quality): common, common-or-garden, everyday, nonspecial, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, usual

派生語

名詞

special (複数形 specials)

1. A reduction in consumer cost (usually for a limited time) for items or services rendered.

   Synonym: offer

   We're running a special on turkey for Thanksgiving.

2. One of a rotation of meals systematically offered for a lower price at a restaurant.

   Today's special is our tuna melt on rye.

3. (broadcasting) Unusual or exceptional episode of a series.

   Did you see the Christmas special?

4. (Britain, colloquial) A special constable.
   • 1919, Fred W. Leigh,Charles Collins (lyrics かつ music), “My Old Man”‎^[2]performed by Marie Lloyd:

     And you can't trust a "Special" like the old-time copper when you can't find your way home.

5. Anything that is not according to normal practice, plan, or schedule, as an unscheduled run of transportation that is normally scheduled.

   Thousands came to see the special that carried the President's coffin.

6. Any unlicensed medicine produced or obtained for a specific individual patient.
7. (journalism) A correspondent; a journalist sent to the scene of an event to report back.
8. (journalism) A dispatch sent back by a special correspondent.
9. (theater) A light that illuminates a specific person or thing on the stage.
   • 2009, Steven Shelley, A Practical Guide to Stage Lighting, page 132:

     In addition to followspots, there will be three frontlight specials on Autoyokes hung on the truss to provide frontlight specials.

   • 2009, Jennifer Bringle, Lighting, page 23:

     The first is a special—a single lighting instrument that lights a particular spot on the stage. Specials generally have no color, or a more saturated color, allowing them to stand out through other lighting onstage.

10. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (law) A person appointed specifically to examine a single event or issue.

    For the few times the U.S. Supreme Court has to actually try a case, they will appoint a special master to do so.

    After the Watergate break in, a special prosecutor was appointed.

派生語

動詞

special (三人称単数 現在形 specials, 現在分詞 specialing または specialling, 過去形および過去分詞形 specialed または specialled)

1. (nursing) To supervise a patient one-on-one.
   • 1905, Shadyside Hospital (Pittsburgh, Pa.), Annual Report‎^[3], page 27:

     We have not sent our pupils out on private duty except a very few times, but they have an unusual amount of specialing to do inside.

   • 2015 July 7, Jo-Ann Giandinoto, Karen-leigh Edward, “The phenomenon of co-morbid physical and mental illness in acute medical care: the lived experience of Australian health professionals”, in BMC Research Notes‎^[4], volume 8, →DOI:

     Participant three described their personal interest in mental health care: “I have an interest in mental health but I have found that other staff on the surgical ward who have been there for a while… often say I hate specialling these patients…”

アナグラム

• epicals, piacles, plaices