mealとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English mel, from 古期英語 mǣl (“measure, time, occasion, set time, time for eating, meal”), from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).

Cognate with West Frisian miel, Dutch maal (“meal, time, occurrence”), German Mal (“time”), Mahl (“meal”), Norwegian Bokmål mål (“meal”), Swedish mål (“meal”); and (from Proto-Indo-European) with Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”), Latin mensus, Russian ме́ра (méra, “measure”), Lithuanian mẽtas. Related to 古期英語 mǣþ (“measure, degree, proportion”).

名詞

meal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 meals)

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2. (countable) Food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack).

   Breakfast is the morning meal, lunch is the noon meal, and dinner, or supper, is the evening meal.

   • c1450, Secreta Secretorumː

     He that will cast meal upon meal is not able to have (a) long life.

   • c1500, The King and the Hermitː

     I have been there and taken deal / And have had many (a) merry meal.

   • 1535?, Dyfference Astronː

     But above all things beware that thou eat not till thou feel thy stomach empty and that it hath made good digestion of the first meal.

   • 1569, Fenton, Wondersː

     Besides he was so fantastical and unruly in his appetites, that he used no common meats at his meals, but was fed with the combs of cocks, the tongues of peahens.

   • 1606, Bodleyː

     Sir, I was thrice at Lamhith, to have dined with the Archeb since your departure, and still he was to dine, at the Court or with some Bishop. But I must and will find him as soon as I may: and rather at a meal, then otherwise, because I would have means, to participate at large, about our Collation.

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, かつ the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep in the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly.

   • 1640, Richard Brathwait, Ar't asleep Husband? A BOULSTER LECTURE, Stored with all variety of witty Jests, merry Tales, and other pleasant passages; extracted from the choycest Flowers of Phi∣losophy, Poesy, ancient and moderne Historyː

     Give me but so many meals, and thou shalt find me one of the strongest Turkish males that ever English gennet bore.

   • 1796, Robert Bage, Hermsprong: or, Man As He Is Notː

     This letter was written whilst my hostess of the George was preparing the last meal I ever was to eat.

   • 1835, Edgar Allan Poe, The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaallː

     Puss, who seemed in a great measure recovered from her illness, now made a hearty meal of the dead bird, and then went to sleep with much apparent satisfaction.

   • 1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I, II, または III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

     Indeed, the worthy gentleman, stimulated perhaps by the immediate prospect of being in active service, was in great spirits and good humor; in proof whereof, it may be here remarked, that he humorously drank all the beer at a draught; and did not utter, on a rough calculation, more than fourscore oaths during the whole progress of the meal.

   • 1982, Steven King, The Dark Tower: The Gunslingerː

     After the meal, he rinsed the cans from which they had eaten (marveling again at his own water extravagance), and when he turned around, Jake was asleep again.

   • 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

     Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

   • 2016, Melissa Clark, Consider This Permission to Eat Burrata for Dinner in The New York Timesː

     In this recipe, I go even further, adding a robust salad to turn a lone cheese into a satisfying summer meal.

3. (countable) Food served or eaten as a repast.
   • a1450, The Macro Playsː

     If thou wilt fare well at meat and meal, come and follow me.

   • 1855, Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grassː

     This is the meal pleasantly set ... . this is the meat and drink for natural hunger. It is for the wicked just the same as the righteous.

   • 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 172:

     Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.

4. (uncountable, informal) A break taken by a police officer in order to eat.
   • 1994, Brooklyn Barrister, volume 46, page 13:

     They [tape recorders] can be turned off while officers are on meal or in the car to protect their private conversations […]

   • 2019, R. J. Noonan, In the Line of Fire:

     “I was on meal when I heard the call on the radio and recognized the address. What the hell?”

5. (obsolete) A time or an occasion.
   • The Lamentation of the Virgin Mary (MS. Cantab., Ff. ii., 38, fol. 47.), in: 1847, Thomas Wright (editor), The Chester Plays: A Collection of Mysteries founded upon scriptural Subjects, and formerly represented by the Trades of Chester at Whitsuntide, vol. II, p. 208f.:

     Ye wolde wepe at every mele;
     But for my sone wepe ye never a dele.

     You would weep at every meal, but for my son you never weep a deal.

   • a1400?-a1470?, in: 1999/2006, The Governance of England: Otherwise called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy. By Sir John Fortescue. A Revised Text edited with Introduction, Notes, and Appendices by Charles Plummer, p. 132:

     […] by occasion whereoff thai woll than at every mele groche with the kinge […]

     […] by occasion whereof they will, then at every meal, grouch with the king […]

   • a1450, Henry Lovelich, The History of the Holy Grailː

     Which was to them a sorry meal.

   • a1450, Henry Lovelich, Merlinː

     Also soon as the dragons together feal, betwixt them shall begin a sorry meal.

   • a1450, The York Playsː

     What mean ye.. to make mourning at ilk a meal?

   • 1481, William Caxton, Reynard the Foxː

     I shall do late you have so much that ten of you should not eat it at one meal.

   • a1500, Alexander-Cassamus Fragmentː

     Of all the day throughout, keep I no better meal than on her to think.

   • c1500, In A Chyrchː

     Thou couth well weep at every meal.

使用する際の注意点

• In the fourth sense, meal is a fossil word and is usually found in the archaic/obsolete phrase "at every (ilk a) meal" meaning "on every occasion", compare also "at ilk a tide". It fell out of common usage in the late 15th century. Also, "at one meal" sometimes meant at a time, at once, at one time or in one go; see also German auf einmal (字義どおりに “upon one meal”). "To keep (the) meal" probably used to mean "to use/spend one's time". A "sorry meal" used to mean a "grim occasion" such as a fight, setback, mishap or some sort of other misfortune.

• Meal, in the sense of "time" or "occasion", also survives in other set phrases, such as piecemeal (“one piece at a time”), footmeal (“one foot at a time”), heapmeal (“in large numbers”) etc.

下位語

• See also Thesaurus:meal

派生語

参照

The Middle English Dictionary

語源 2

From Middle English mele, from 古期英語 melu (“meal, flour”), from Proto-West Germanic *melu, from Proto-Germanic *melwą (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, mill”).

名詞

meal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 meals)

2. The coarse-ground edible part of various grains often used to feed animals; flour or a coarser blend than flour.

   Coordinate term: flour

   • 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

     Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

派生語

動詞

meal (三人称単数 現在形 meals, 現在分詞 mealing, 過去形および過去分詞形 mealed)

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To yield or be plentiful in meal.
   • 1876, Notes and Queries, page 73:

     Of course the yield of grain was small, but much greater than could have been expected; and, the ears being well filled, it mealed well. The pastures were burnt up, so that there was nothing left for the cattle to eat.

語源 3

Variation of mole (compare Scots mail), from Middle English mole, mool, from 古期英語 māl, mǣl (“spot, mark, blemish”), from Proto-Germanic *mailą (“wrinkle, spot”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to soil”). More at mole.

名詞

meal (複数形 meals)

1. (UK dialectal) A speck or spot.
2. A part; a fragment; a portion.

動詞

meal (三人称単数 現在形 meals, 現在分詞 mealing, 過去形および過去分詞形 mealed)

1. (transitive) To defile or taint.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     Were he meal'd with that / Which he corrects, than were he tyrannous.

アナグラム

• Elam, Elma, Leam, Lema, Malé, alme, amel, lame, lamé, leam, lema, male, mela, mela-

語源 1

From Middle English -mele, from 古期英語 -mǣlum (“at times”), from Proto-Germanic *mēlamiz, instrumental case of Proto-Germanic *mēlą (“measure; time”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian -moal, Dutch -maal, German Low German -maal, German -mal. More at meal.

接尾辞

-meal

1. (rare or no longer productive) Used to denote a fixed number, measure, or amount at a time.

   wordmeal (“one word at a time, word by word”)

派生語

• bitmeal
• dropmeal
• flockmeal
• footmeal
• heapmeal
• inchmeal
• leafmeal
• littlemeal
• pagemeal
• piecemeal
• stepmeal
• stoundmeal
• thousandmeal
• whilemeal
• wordmeal

語源 2

From Middle English mele, from 古期英語 melu (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Germanic *melwą (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Indo-European *mel-, *mol(w)ə- (“to grind, mill”). More at meal.

接尾辞

-meal

1. Denotes a powder made of ground cereal.

派生語

• cornmeal
• oatmeal
• peasemeal

アナグラム

• Elam, Elma, Lema, Malé, alme, amel, lame, lamé, leam, lema, male, mela, mela-