lameとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English lame, from 古期英語 lama (“lame”), from Proto-West Germanic *lam, from Proto-Germanic *lamaz (“lame”), from Proto-Indo-European *lem- (“to crush; fragile”).^[1]

形容詞

lame (comparative lamer, superlative lamest)

1. Unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet or legs.
2. Moving with pain or difficulty on account of injury, defect or temporary obstruction of a function.

   a lame leg, arm or muscle

3. (by extension) Hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect.
   • a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name または sermon number). Of Industry in General”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830–1831, →OCLC:

     a lame endeavour

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     O, most lame and impotent conclusion! […]

   • 1801, Isaac Watts, The improvement of the mind, or A supplement to the art of logic:

     It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.

   • 1856, J. W. Redhouse, An English and Turkish Dictionary‎^[1], page xx:

     The ی consonant is our English y […] It is really a sad mistake for us, who possess this useful consonant, to adopt the lame expedient to which other languages are forced to have recourse, namely, the use of the vowel i, with or without the diaresis over it.

4. (colloquial) Unconvincing or unbelievable.

   He had a really lame excuse for missing the birthday party.

5. (colloquial) Failing to be cool, funny, interesting or relevant.

   He kept telling these extremely lame jokes all night.

使用する際の注意点

• Referring to a person without a disability as “lame” is offensive to many as it suggests a derogatory characterization of the physical condition from which the term was derived. Disability rights activists consider figurative uses of “lame” in general to be offensive, arguing that such use adds to the social stigma surrounding physical disabilities. [2]

同意語

• (unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet または legs): crippled
• (moving with difficulty):
• (by extension, hobbling): hobbling, limping, inefficient, imperfect
• (スラング, unconvincing): weak, unbelievable
• (スラング, failing to be cool, funny, interesting, または relevant): boring, pathetic, uncool, unfunny, uninteresting, irrelevant

反意語

• (unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet または legs):
• (moving with difficulty):
• (by extension, hobbling): efficient, perfect
• (スラング, unconvincing): convincing, believable
• (スラング, failing to be cool, funny, interesting, または relevant): cool, funny, interesting, relevant

派生語

動詞

lame (三人称単数 現在形 lames, 現在分詞 laming, 過去形および過去分詞形 lamed)

1. (transitive) To cause (a person または animal) to become lame.
   • 1877, Anna Sewell, Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC:

     And if you don't want to lame your horse you must look sharp and get them [stones stuck in hooves] out quickly.

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 6, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     Now her soul felt lamed in itself. It was her hope that was struck.

名詞

lame (複数形 lames)

1. (prison slang) A stupid or undesirable person.
   • 2011, Lil' Kim (lyrics かつ music), “Black Friday”:

     You lames tryna clone my style and run wit it.

語源 2

From Middle French lame, from Latin lamina.

名詞

lame (複数形 lames)

1. A lamina; a thin layer or plate of material, as in certain kinds of armor.
   • 2013, Paul F Walker, History of Armour 1100-1700, Crowood, →ISBN:

     This rim involved a raised rolled edge on the rerebrace that was inserted into a raised lip on the lower lame of the pauldron. This lip allows the arm to rotate without the need for leather straps and can be clearly seen carved on to the effigy […]

   • 2015, Anne Curry, Malcolm Mercer, The Battle of Agincourt, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 120:

     These pauldrons are generally asymmetrical with the left pauldron wider than the right, which is cut away for the passage of the lance. It would be attached to the shoulder by points through a restored leather tab on the top lame at the apex […]

2. (in the plural) A set of joined overlapping metal plates.
3. Kitchen tool for scoring bread dough before baking.

関連する語

• lamé
• lamella, lamellar

参照

アナグラム

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