lardとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English lard, from Old French lard (“bacon”), from Latin lārdum, lāridum (“bacon fat”).

名詞

lard (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 lards)

1. Fat from the abdomen of a pig, especially as prepared for use in cooking or pharmacy.
2. (obsolete) Fatty meat from a pig; bacon, pork.
3. (slang) Excess fat on a person or animal.
   • 2020, Sophie Ranald, Thank You, Next: A perfect, uplifting and funny romantic comedy:

     My wonderful partner is fond of pointing out that he and I have done the Covid crisis on easy mode: we have no children, no caring responsibilities, […] we have a fabulous community of people at our local fitness studio to keep the lockdown lard at bay and the cats love joining us for afternoon naps.

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English larden, from Old French larder and Medieval Latin lārdō.

動詞

lard (三人称単数 現在形 lards, 現在分詞 larding, 過去形および過去分詞形 larded)

1. (cooking) To stuff (meat) with bacon or pork before cooking.
2. To smear with fat or lard.
   • 1740, William Somervile, Hobbinol:

     In his buff doublet larded o'er with fat / Of slaughtered brutes.

3. To garnish or strew, especially with reference to words or phrases in speech and writing.
   • 2020 December 15, Harry Litman, “There’s no getting around William Barr’s dishonorable record”, in Los Angeles Times‎^[2], Los Angeles, Calif.: Los Angeles Times Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 9 September 2022:

     The first notice came from — of course — a Trump tweet, after his meeting with Barr on the question of voter fraud allegations in the 2020 election. Barr made a point of noting the topic in his resignation letter, which was larded with slavish praise for the president's accomplishments in the face of what Barr called "relentless, implacable resistance."

4. To fatten; to enrich.
   • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “Februarie. Aegloga Se[c]unda.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC; republished as The Shepheardes Calender […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], 1586, →OCLC:

     [The oak] with his nuts larded many swine.

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Falstaff sweats to death, / And lards the lean earth as he walks along.

5. To mix or garnish with something, as by way of improvement; to interlard.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

     Larded with sweet flowers; Which bewept to the grave

   • 1709, J[ohn] Dryden, J[ohn] Oldham, “(please specify the page)”, in Mac Flecknoe: A Poem. […] With Spencer’s Ghost: Being a Satyr Concerning Poetry. […], London: […] H[enry] Hills, […], →OCLC:

     Let no alien Sedley interpose / To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose.

6. To embellish with unnecessary frills; to pad.
   • 2017 December 2, Lauren Gambino, “Senate Republicans pass sweeping overhaul of US tax code”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎^[3], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 4 July 2023:

     Ultimately, the plans were rejected by Senate leadership, Cruz told reporters, after he and a number of others objected. "That proposal did not carry the day," Cruz said. "Those $350bn in tax increases are not in the bill ... and larding the bill up with new tax increases would have been going the wrong direction."

   • 2023 January 18, Sam Roberts, “Carl Hahn Dies at 96; Made the VW Beetle Ubiquitous”, in The New York Times‎^[4], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 20 January 2023:

     Volkswagen avoided the fins and other frills with which U.S. manufacturers larded their vehicles. Instead, the company and its advertising agency, Doyle Dane Bernbach, promoted "our philosophy of a car that doesn't change for the reason of change, only for the benefit of the consumer," Mr. Hahn said at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2011.

7. (obsolete, intransitive) To grow fat.

派生語

アナグラム

• ARLD, LDAR, LRAD, darl