Seとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English -sen (verbal ending), from 古期英語 -sian (verbal ending), from Proto-Germanic *-isōną.

接尾辞

-se

1. Creates denominatives from adjective or nouns.
3. When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, bless, in which case the verb means roughly, to make bloody/sanctify.

使用する際の注意点

• No longer productive.

派生語

アナグラム

• 'e's, -es, E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es

Latin

接尾辞

-se

1. vocative masculine singular of -sus

形容詞

Se.

1. Abbreviation of southeastern.

使用する際の注意点

This is the customary abbreviation of this term as used in case citations. See, e.g., The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Nineteenth Edition (2010), "Case Names and Institutional Authors in Citations", Table T6, p. 430-431.

アナグラム

• 'e's, -es, -es', E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es

発音

IPA^(key): /sɛ/

名詞

se (複数形 ses)

1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

アナグラム

• 'e's, -es, E's, ES, Es, E♭s, E♯s, e's, es

Latin

語源

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (再帰的用法 pronoun).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /seː/, [s̠eː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /se/, [sɛ]

代名詞

sē

1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Sē amat.

   He loves himself.

   Necessario sē aperiunt.

   They were forced to open themselves.

   In marī sē praecipitāvit.

   He drowned himself in the sea.

2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

使用する際の注意点

• There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, または at the beginning または the end of a clause).

語形変化

派生語

• See se/derived terms § Latin.

派生した語

• See se/derived terms § Latin.

別の表記

• þē – late nom. masc. sg. form

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

発音

• IPA^(key): /seː/

冠詞

sē

1. the

   sē mōna ― the moon

   sēo sunne ― the sun

   þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades

   þā steorran ― the stars

   • late 10th century, Ælfric's Lives of Saints

     Sē bisċop wæs bisiġ mid þām cyninge.

     The bishop was busy with the king.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 7:13

     Gangaþ inn þurh þæt nearwe ġeat.

     Go in through the narrow gate.

限定詞

sē

1. that

   Sele mē þone hamer.

   Give me that hammer.

   Cūðes þū þā rēadfiexan þe þū ǣr wiþ sprǣċe?

   Did you know that redhead who you were talking to earlier?

代名詞

sē

1. that

   Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.

   He went home, and after that I never saw him again.

   • early 8th century, Beowulf, line 11

     Þæt wæs gōd cyning!

     That was a good king!

2. also sometimes used (in the appropriate gender かつ case) to mean "he," "she," "it," "they," etc.
   • early 8th century, Beowulf, line 469

     Heregar... sē wæs betera þonne iċ.

     Heregar... he was better than me.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "On the Purification of St. Mary"

     Sēo lifde mid hire were seofon ġēar.

     She lived with her husband for seven years.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 12:3

     Þā swungon hīe þone and forlēton hine īdelhendne.

     Then they beat him and left him empty-handed.

3. the one / that one

   Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.

   I am the one who knocks.

   Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.

   She's not the one you need to convince.

   Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?

   Are you reading this book right now or that one?

   Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?

   Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?

4. (relative) that, who, what

   Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.

   Not everything that glitters is gold.

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript E, year 605

     Þǣr man ofslōg ēac twā hund prēosta þā cōmon þæder þæt hīe sċylden ġebiddan for Wēala here. Sċromail wæs ġehāten heora ealdor, sē ætbærst þanon fīftiga sum.

     There two hundred priests were killed who had come to pray for the Welsh army. Scromail was the name of their leader, who was one of fifty to escape from there.

   • c. 900, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy

     Wel mē līcode þæt þū ǣr sæġdes.

     I really liked what you said before.

語形変化

使用する際の注意点

• The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
  • Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
  • All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
  • A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground かつ hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
  • "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ fēle æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds かつ birds かつ human tears”).
  • A couple abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
  • Dryhten (“the Lord”).
  • morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning かつ went downstairs”).
  • The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm かつ in the winter it's cold”).
  • forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
  • forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
  • þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
  • Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

派生した語

• Middle English: se, ze, sæ, þe
  • English: the

接頭辞

sē-

1. separately, astray

   sēclūdō — 'separate; confine separately; cut off' (attached to claudō (“close, confine”))

   sēdūcō — 'lead astray; seduce' (attached to dūcō (“lead”))

   sēparō — 'divide; distinguish; separate' (attached to parō (“prepare”))

2. without

   sēcūrus — 'free from care, unconcerned' (attached to cūra (“care”))

3. six (abbreviation of sex-)

   sēnī — 'six each'

派生語