Esとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English -es, from 古期英語 -as. More at -s.

接尾辞

-es

1. Used to form the regular plural of nouns
   1. that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — glitch → glitches (but psych → psychs)
   2. that end in "(j)j" — hajj → hajjes ("j" is only final in loan words raj, hajj)
   3. that end in "(s)s(e)" — bus → buses, house → houses, rendezvous → rendezvouses
   4. that end in "x" — box → boxes
   5. that end in "(z)z" — waltz → waltzes
   6. that end in "o" (in some cases) — tomato → tomatoes (but soprano → sopranos)
   7. that end in "sh" — ash → ashes
   8. that end in "(consonant)y" — lady → ladies (but not "(vowel)y" key → keys)
   9. that end in "ce" — fence → fences
   10. that end in "(d)ge" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges

語源 2

From Middle English -es, -is, from 古期英語 -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person 単数形 indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from 古期英語 -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in 古期英語 is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).

接尾辞

-es

1. Used to form the third person singular present of verbs
   1. that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — impeach → impeaches (but psych → psychs)
   2. that end in "(s)s" — miss → misses
   3. that end in "x" — tax → taxes
   4. that end in "(z)z" — fizz → fizzes
   5. that end in "o" (in some cases) — go → goes (but piano → pianos)
   6. that end in "sh" — wish → wishes
   7. that end in "y" — cry → cries
   8. that end in "ce" — dance → dances
   9. that end in "(d)ge" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges

語源 3

See -s, -'s.

接尾辞

-es

1. (obsolete, no longer productive) Possessive marker; see -s, -'s.
   • 1573, An exposition of the kinges prerogative, collected out of the great Abridgement of Justice Fitzherbert and other olde writers of the lawes of England, page 38:

     ... whereupon king Henry his sonne, as it may appeare by the later clause of this chapter, recouered diuers eschet[s] of lande within this Realme holden by Normans, whiche after they began to adhere to the French king, the kinges enimy […]

アナグラム

• -se, SE, Se., se, se.

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eːs/, [eːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /es/, [es]

語源 1

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

接尾辞

-ēs f (genitive -is); third declension

2. used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form

   caedō (“I kill または cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)

   sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

Further forms are nom.sg. -is (e.g. caedis, sedis) and gen.pl. -um (e.g. caedum, sedum).

同意語

• -or, -us

派生語

語源 2

From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.^[1]

接尾辞

-es m (genitive -itis); third declension

2. used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'

   equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

語源 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

接尾辞

-ēs

1. second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)

語源 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

接尾辞

-es

1. nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s

参照

語源

From Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (複数形 ending).

発音

• IPA^(key): /es/

接尾辞

-es

1. possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun
2. used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy

   dæġes (adverb) ― days

   nihtes (adverb) ― nights

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: -es, -s
  • English: -'s, -s (adverbial suffix), -st (adverbial suffix)

不変化詞

-es'

1. Alternative form of -s' used on words that are made plural using -es.

   The countesses’ husbands were generally quite lavish. (countess + -es’)

アナグラム

• SE, Se., se

名詞

ES (uncountable)

1. Initialism of environmental science.
2. Initialism of emergency services.
3. Initialism of engineering sample.

アナグラム

• -se, SE, Se., se, se.

使用する際の注意点

• There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

参考

• E's

アナグラム

• -se, SE, Se., se, se.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

接頭辞

es-

1. (pharmacology) Used to form names of drugs with a chiral center in the S configuration.

派生語

アナグラム

• -se, SE, Se., se, se.