illとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪl/
• 韻: -ɪl

形容詞

ill (comparative worse または iller または more ill, superlative worst または illest または most ill)

1. (obsolete) Evil; wicked (of people). [13th–19th c.]
   • 1709, Francis Atterbury, A Sermon Preached before the Sons of the Clergy, at their Anniversary-Meeting, in the Church of St. Paul (December 6, 1709)

     St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     A man who is conscious of having an ill character, cannot justly be angry with those who neglect and slight him.

2. (archaic) Morally reprehensible (of behaviour etc.); blameworthy. [from 13th c.]
   • 1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 2:

     ‘Go bring her. It is ill to keep a lady waiting.’

3. Indicative of unkind or malevolent intentions; harsh, cruel. [from 14th c.]

   He suffered from ill treatment.

4. Unpropitious, unkind, faulty, not up to reasonable standard.

   ill manners; ill will

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     […] his lordship was out of humour. That was the way Chollacombe described as knaggy an old gager as ever Charles had had the ill-fortune to serve. Stiff-rumped, that's what he was, always rubbing the rust, or riding grub, like he had been for months past.

5. Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]

   Mentally ill people.

   I've been ill with the flu for the past few days.

6. Having an urge to vomit. [from 20th c.]

   Seeing those pictures made me ill.

7. (hip-hop スラング) Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularly creative way.
   • 1994, Biggie Smalls (lyrics かつ music), “The What”:

     Biggie Smalls is the illest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"

8. (slang) Extremely bad (bad enough to make one ill). Generally used indirectly with to be.

   That band was ill.

9. (dated) Unwise; not a good idea.
   • 1672, George Swinnock, The Incomparableness of God

     Oh that when the devil and flesh entice the sinner to sport with and make a mock of sin, Prov. x. 23, he would but consider, it is ill jesting with edged tools, it is ill jesting with unquenchable burnings; […]

   • 1914, Indian Ink (volume 1, page 32)

     They arrested everybody—and it is ill to resist a drunken Tommy with a loaded rifle!

使用する際の注意点

• The comparative worse and superlative worst are the standard forms. The forms iller and illest are also used in American English, but are less than a quarter as frequent as "more" and "most" forms. The forms iller, illest are quite common in the slang sense "sublime".

同意語

• (suffering from a disease): diseased, poorly (英国用法), sick, under the weather (くだけた用法), unwell
• (having an urge to vomit): disgusted, nauseated, nauseous, sick, sickened
• (bad): bad, mal-
• (in hip-hop スラング: sublime): dope
• See also Thesaurus:diseased

反意語

• (suffering from a disease): fine, hale, healthy, in good health, well
• (bad): good
• (in hip-hop スラング: sublime): wack

派生語

参照

副詞

ill (comparative worse または more ill, superlative worst または most ill)

1. Not well; imperfectly, badly
   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 126:

     He would have conversed as usual; but his attempts were so ill seconded, that he was fain to take refuge in the letters that lay beside him.

   • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens [et al.], “(please specify the name of the story)”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C. Whiting, […], →OCLC:

     Within, I found it, as I had expected, transcendently dismal. The slowly changing shadows waved on it from the heavy trees, were doleful in the last degree; the house was ill-placed, ill-built, ill-planned, and ill-fitted.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 3:

     In both groups, however, we find copious and intricate speciation so that, often, species limits are narrow and ill defined.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 541:

     His inflexibility and blindness ill become a leader, for a leader must temper justice with mercy.

   • 2006, Julia Borossa (translator), Monique Canto-Sperber (quoted author), in Libération, 2002 February 2, quoted in Élisabeth Badinter (quoting author), Dead End Feminism, Polity, →ISBN, page 40:

     Is it because this supposes an undifferentiated violence towards others and oneself that I could ill imagine in a woman?

同意語

• illy

反意語

• well

派生語

名詞

ill (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 ills)

1. (often pluralized) Trouble; distress; misfortune; adversity.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     That makes us rather bear those ills we have / Than fly to others that we know not of.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.

   Music won't solve all the world's ills, but it can make them easier to bear.

2. Harm or injury.

   I wouldn't want you to do me ill.

3. Evil; moral wrongfulness.
   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, / Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill.

4. A physical ailment; an illness.

   I am incapacitated by rheumatism and other ills.

5. (US, slang, uncountable) PCP, phencyclidine.

派生語

動詞

ill (三人称単数 現在形 ills, 現在分詞 illing, 過去形および過去分詞形 illed)

1. (intransitive, slang) To behave aggressively.
   • 1985, Ralph Farquhar, Krush Groove:

     D.M.C.: You been illin' lately.
     Run: So, I'm illin'. Am I illin'? Chillin'! You know what I'm sayin'? Chillin'.

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.

Further reading

• ill at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Jonathon Green (2023), “ill v.”, in Green's Dictionary of Slang

アナグラム

• Lil, li'l, li'l', lil

語源

Contraction of I will.

発音

• (英国発音, General American) IPA^(key): /a(ɪ)l/, /ɑːl/
• (弱勢) IPA^(key): /əl/, /ʌl/
  • 韻: -aɪl
  • 異形同音異義語: aisle, isle
  • 異形同音異義語: all, awl
  • 韻: -aɪəl

短縮形

I'll

1. I will.
2. I shall.
   • 1922 October, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “Part V. What the Thunder Said.”, in The Waste Land, 1st book edition, New York, N.Y.: Boni and Liveright, published December 1922, →OCLC, lines 430–431, page 49:

     These fragments I have shored against my ruins / Why then Ile fit you.

同意語

• chill, ch'ill

派生語

• I'll be a monkey's uncle
• I'll be blowed

アナグラム

• Lil, li'l, li'l', lil

接頭辞

ill-

1. 接頭辞 or combining form added to nouns meaning bad.

   ill-will

   ill-feeling

   ill-judgement

2. 接頭辞 added to verbs and adjectives meaning badly, wrongly or inadequately.

   ill-treat

   ill-prepared