illとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɪl/
• 韻: -ɪl

形容詞

ill (comparative worse または iller または more ill, superlative worst または illest または most ill)

1. (obsolete) Evil; wicked (of people). [13th-19th c.]
   • 1709, Francis Atterbury, A Sermon Preached before the Sons of the Clergy, at their Anniversary-Meeting, in the Church of St. Paul (December 6, 1709)

     St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], OCLC 928184292:

     A man who is conscious of having an ill character, cannot justly be angry with those who neglect and slight him.

2. (archaic) Morally reprehensible (of behaviour etc.); blameworthy. [from 13th c.]
   • 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 2:

     ‘Go bring her. It is ill to keep a lady waiting.’

3. Indicative of unkind or malevolent intentions; harsh, cruel. [from 14th c.]

   He suffered from ill treatment.

4. Unpropitious, unkind, faulty, not up to reasonable standard.

   ill manners; ill will

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     […] his lordship was out of humour. That was the way Chollacombe described as knaggy an old gager as ever Charles had had the ill-fortune to serve. Stiff-rumped, that's what he was, always rubbing the rust, or riding grub, like he had been for months past.

5. Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]

   I've been ill with the flu for the past few days.

6. Having an urge to vomit. [from 20th c.]

   Seeing those pictures made me ill.

7. (hip-hop スラング) Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularly creative way.
   • 1986, Beastie Boys, License to Ill
   • 1994, Biggie Smalls, The What

     Biggie Smalls is the illest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"

8. (slang) Extremely bad (bad enough to make one ill). Generally used indirectly with to be.

   That band was ill.

9. (dated) Unwise; not a good idea.
   • 1672, George Swinnock, The Incomparableness of God

     Oh that when the devil and flesh entice the sinner to sport with and make a mock of sin, Prov. x. 23, he would but consider, it is ill jesting with edged tools, it is ill jesting with unquenchable burnings; […]

   • 1914, Indian Ink (volume 1, page 32)

     They arrested everybody—and it is ill to resist a drunken Tommy with a loaded rifle!

使用する際の注意点

• The comparative worse and superlative worst are the standard forms. The forms iller and illest are also used in American English, but are less than a quarter as frequent as "more" and "most" forms. The forms iller, illest are quite common in the slang sense "sublime".

同意語

• (suffering from a disease): diseased, poorly (英国用法), sick, under the weather (くだけた用法), unwell
• (having an urge to vomit): disgusted, nauseated, nauseous, sick, sickened
• (bad): bad, mal-
• (in hip-hop スラング: sublime): dope
• See also Thesaurus:diseased

反意語

• (suffering from a disease): fine, hale, healthy, in good health, well
• (bad): good
• (in hip-hop スラング: sublime): wack

派生語

参照

副詞

ill (comparative worse または more ill, superlative worst または most ill)

1. Not well; imperfectly, badly
   • 1859, Charles Dickens, The Haunted House

     Within, I found it, as I had expected, transcendently dismal. The slowly changing shadows waved on it from the heavy trees, were doleful in the last degree; the house was ill-placed, ill-built, ill-planned, and ill-fitted.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 3:

     In both groups, however, we find copious and intricate speciation so that, often, species limits are narrow and ill defined.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 541:

     His inflexibility and blindness ill become a leader, for a leader must temper justice with mercy.

   • 2006, Julia Borossa (translator), Monique Canto-Sperber (quoted author), in Libération, 2002 February 2, quoted in Élisabeth Badinter (quoting author), Dead End Feminism, Polity, →ISBN, page 40:

     Is it because this supposes an undifferentiated violence towards others and oneself that I could ill imagine in a woman?

同意語

• illy

反意語

• well

派生語

名詞

ill (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 ills)

1. (often pluralized) Trouble; distress; misfortune; adversity.
   • c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:

     That makes us rather bear those ills we have / Than fly to others that we know not of.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.

   Music won't solve all the world's ills, but it can make them easier to bear.

2. Harm or injury.

   I wouldn't want you to do me ill.

3. Evil; moral wrongfulness.
   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, OCLC 228724395, (please specify the page number):

     Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, / Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill.

4. A physical ailment; an illness.

   I am incapacitated by rheumatism and other ills.

5. (US, slang, uncountable) PCP, phencyclidine.

派生語

• for good or ill

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.

Further reading

• ill at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Lil, li'l, li'l', lil

語源

I +‎ -will, with “will” being contacted to “ ‘ll”

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /aɪl/, /ɑːl/, /al/
• (弱勢) IPA^(key): /əl/, /ʌl/
  • 韻: -aɪl
  • 異形同音異義語: aisle, isle
  • 異形同音異義語: all, awl
  • 韻: -aɪəl

短縮形

I'll

1. I will
2. I shall

同意語

• chill, ch'ill

派生語

• I'll be a monkey's uncle

アナグラム

• Lil, li'l, li'l', lil

接頭辞

ill-

1. 接頭辞 or combining form added to nouns meaning bad.

   ill-will

   ill-feeling

   ill-judgement

2. 接頭辞 added to verbs and adjectives meaning badly, wrongly or inadequately.

   ill-treat

   ill-prepared