deadとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: dĕd, IPA^(key): /dɛd/
• 韻: -ɛd
• (West Country) IPA^(key): /diːd/

形容詞

dead (comparative deader, superlative deadest)

A dead pigeon

1. (usually not comparable) No longer living. (Also used as a noun.)
   • 1968, Ray Thomas, "Legend of a Mind", The Moody Blues, In Search of the Lost Chord.

     Timothy Leary's dead. / No, no no no, he's outside, looking in.

   All of my grandparents are dead.

   Have respect for the dead.

   The villagers are mourning their dead.

   The dead are always with us, in our hearts.

   raise the dead

   wake the dead

2. (usually not comparable) Devoid of life.
   • 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure‎^[1]:

     Behold the substance from which all things draw their energy, the bright Spirit of the Globe, without which it cannot live, but must grow cold and dead as the dead moon.

   • 1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt‎^[2]:

     Was it possible to exist upon a dead world?

3. (hyperbolic) Figuratively, not alive; lacking life.
   • 1600, William Shakespeare, As You Like It, Act III, Scene 3:

     When a man's verses cannot be understood, nor a man's good wit seconded with the forward child, understanding, it strikes a man more dead than a great reckoning in a little room.

4. (of another person) So hated that they are absolutely ignored.

   He is dead to me.

5. Doomed; marked for death (literally または as a hyperbole).

   "You come back here this instant! Oh, you're dead, mister!"

   • 2009, Noel Hynd, Midnight in Madrid‎^[3]:

     You're dead. A million and one thoughts pounded her at once. But one overpowered all the others. This time you're dead.

6. Without emotion.

   She stood with dead face and limp arms, unresponsive to my plea.

7. Stationary; static.

   the dead load on the floor

   a dead lift

8. Without interest to one of the senses; dull; flat.

   dead air

   a dead glass of soda.

9. Unproductive.

   dead time

   dead fields

10. (not comparable, of a machine, device, または electrical circuit) Completely inactive; currently without power; without a signal.

    OK, the circuit's dead. Go ahead and cut the wire.

    Now that the motor's dead you can reach in and extract the spark plugs.

    • 1984, William Gibson, chapter 1, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 3:

      The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.

11. (of a battery) Unable to emit power, being discharged (flat) or faulty.
12. (not comparable) Broken or inoperable.

    That monitor is dead; don’t bother hooking it up.

13. (not comparable) No longer used or required.

    There are several dead laws still on the books regulating where horses may be hitched.

    Is this beer glass dead?

    • 1984, Winston Smock, Technical Writing for Beginners, page 148:

      No mark of any kind should ever be made on a dead manuscript.

    • 2017, Zhaomo Yang and Brian Johannesmeyer, "Dead Store Elimination (Still) Considered Harmful":

      In this paper, we survey the set of techniques found in the wild that are intended to prevent data-scrubbing operations from being removed during dead store elimination.

14. (engineering) Not imparting motion or power by design.

    the dead spindle of a lathe

    A dead axle, also called a lazy axle, is not part of the drivetrain, but is instead free-rotating.

15. (not comparable, sports) Not in play.

    Once the ball crosses the foul line, it's dead.

16. (not comparable, golf, of a golf ball) Lying so near the hole that the player is certain to hole it in the next stroke.
17. (not comparable, baseball, slang, 1800s) Tagged out.
18. (not comparable) Full and complete.

    dead stop

    dead sleep

    dead giveaway

    dead silence

19. (not comparable) Exact.

    dead center

    dead aim

    a dead eye

    a dead level

20. Experiencing pins and needles (paresthesia).

    After sitting on my hands for a while, my arms became dead.

21. Constructed so as not to transmit sound; soundless.

    a dead floor

22. (obsolete) Bringing death; deadly.
    • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene vii]:

      You breathe these dead news in as dead an ear

23. (law) Cut off from the rights of a citizen; deprived of the power of enjoying the rights of property.

    A person who is banished or who becomes a monk is civilly dead.

24. (rare, especially religion, often with "to") Indifferent to, no longer subject to or ruled by (sin, guilt, pleasure, etc).
    • 1839, William Jenks, The Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Bible: Acts-Revelation, page 361:

      He was dead to the law. Whatever account others might make of it, yet, for his part, he was dead to it. […] But though he was thus dead to the law, yet he […] was far from thinking himself discharged from his duty to God' on the contrary, he was dead to the law, that he might live unto God.

    • 1849, Robert Haldane, Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans, page 255:

      But he died to the guilt of sin—to the guilt of his people's sins which he had taken upon him; and they, dying with him, as is above declared, die to sin precisely in the same sense in which he died to it. […] He was not justified from it till his resurrection, but from that moment he was dead to it. When he shall appear the second time, it will be "without sin."

使用する際の注意点

• In Middle and Early Modern English, the phrase is dead was more common where the present perfect form has died is common today. Example:

1611, King James Bible

I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain. (Gal. 2:21)

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:dead

反意語

• alive
• living

副詞

dead (not comparable)

1. (degree, informal, colloquial) Exactly.

   dead right; dead level; dead flat; dead straight; dead left

   He hit the target dead in the centre.

2. (degree, informal, colloquial) Very, absolutely, extremely.

   dead wrong; dead set; dead serious; dead drunk; dead broke; dead earnest; dead certain; dead slow; dead sure; dead simple; dead honest; dead accurate; dead easy; dead scared; dead solid; dead black; dead white; dead empty

   • 1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 216:

     I knew once a Scotch sailmaker who was certain, dead sure, there were people in Mars.

3. Suddenly and completely.

   He stopped dead.

4. (informal) As if dead.

   dead tired; dead quiet; dead asleep; dead pale; dead cold; dead still

   • 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 2, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, OCLC 558196156:

     I was tired of reading, and dead sleepy.

名詞

dead (uncountable)

2. (often with "the") Time when coldness, darkness, or stillness is most intense.

   The dead of night. The dead of winter.

名詞

dead (複数形 deads)

2. (UK) (usually in the plural) Sterile mining waste, often present as many large rocks stacked inside the workings.
4. (bodybuilding, colloquial) Clipping of deadlift.

動詞

dead (三人称単数 現在形 deads, 現在分詞 deading, 過去形および過去分詞形 deaded)

1. (transitive) To prevent by disabling; stop.
   • 1826, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Edward Reynolds, Lord Bishop of Norwich, collected by Edward Reynolds, Benedict Riveley, and Alexander Chalmers. pp. 227. London: B. Holdsworth.

     “What a man should do, when finds his natural impotency dead him in spiritual works”

2. (transitive) To make dead; to deaden; to deprive of life, force, or vigour.
   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, OCLC 1002865976; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, OCLC 987451380:

     Heaven's stern decree, / With many an ill, hath numb'd and deaded me.

3. (UK, transitive, slang) To kill.
   • 2006, Leighanne Boyd, Once Upon A Time In The Bricks, page 178:

     This dude at the club was trying to kill us so I deaded him, and then I had to collect from Spice.

   • 2008, Marvlous Harrison, The Coalition, page 106:

     “What, you was just gonna dead him because if that's the case then why the fuck we getting the money?” Sha asked annoyed.

関連する語

• deaden
• deadliness
• deadly
• deadness
• death
• undead

派生語

参照

• dead at OneLook Dictionary Search

アナグラム

• Dade, Edda, adde, dade

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Cognate with Old Frisian dād, Old Saxon dōd, Old High German tōt, Old Norse dauðr, Gothic ���������� (dauþs).

発音

• IPA^(key): /dæ͜ɑːd/

形容詞

dēad

1. dead

語形変化

関連する語

• dēaþ (“death”)

派生語

• dēadboren (“stillborn”)
• dēadlīċ (“mortal”)
• healfdēad (“halfdead”)

派生した語

• Middle English: ded, deed
  • Scots: dede, deed, deid
  • English: dead
  • Yola: deed

参考

• sweltan (“to die”)