earnestとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English ernest, eornest, from 古期英語 eornest, eornost, eornust (“earnestness, zeal, seriousness, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“earnest, strength, solidity, struggle, fight”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *arniz (“efficient, capable, diligent, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *er- (“to cause to move, arouse, increase”). Cognate with West Frisian earnst (“earnest, seriousness”), Dutch ernst (“seriousness, gravity, earnest”), German Ernst (“seriousness, earnestness, zeal, vigour”), Icelandic ern (“brisk, vigorous”), Gothic ������������ (arniba, “secure, certain, sure”).

The adjective is from Middle English eornest, from 古期英語 eornoste (“earnest, zealous, serious”), from the noun. Cognate with North Frisian ernste (“earnest”), Middle Low German ernest, ernst (“serious, earnest”), German ernst (“serious, earnest”).

名詞

earnest (uncountable)

1. Gravity; serious purpose; earnestness.
   • 1914, February 13, The Times, Obituary: Canon Augustus Jessopp

     He wrote well in a forcible, colloquial style, with the air of being tremendously in earnest, and full of knowledge which overflowed his pages, tricked out with somewhat boisterous illustrations.

   • a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, OCLC 801077108; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, OCLC 318419127:

     Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.

   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene i]:

     That high All-Seer which I dallied with
     Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head
     And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.

2. Seriousness; reality; actuality (as opposed to joking または pretence)

派生語

• earnestful
• in earnest

動詞

earnest (三人称単数 現在形 earnests, 現在分詞 earnesting, 過去形および過去分詞形 earnested)

1. (transitive) To be serious with; use in earnest.
   • 1602, Pastor Fido:

     Let's prove among ourselves our armes in jest, That when we come to earnest them with men, We may them better use.

形容詞

earnest (comparative earnester または more earnest, superlative earnestest または most earnest)

1. (said of an action または an utterance) Serious or honest.
2. (with a positive sense) Focused in the pursuit of an objective; eager to obtain or do.

   earnest prayers

3. Intent; focused; showing a lot of concentration.

   earnest attention

4. (said of a person または a person's character) Possessing or characterised by seriousness.

   an earnest disposition

5. Strenuous; diligent.

   earnest efforts

6. Serious; weighty; of a serious, weighty, or important nature; important.

派生語

• earnestly
• earnestness
• in earnest

語源 2

Of uncertain origin; apparently related to erres. Compare also arles.

名詞

earnest (複数形 earnests)

1. A sum of money paid in advance as a deposit; hence, a pledge, a guarantee, an indication of something to come.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Corinthians 5:5:

     Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 21345056, pages 152–153:

     The vanity is at once encouraged and gratified; while the present small triumph is too readily taken as earnest for a greater one.

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society 2010, p. 365:

     But if all this was viewed by Gladstone and the Cabinet as an earnest of St Petersburg's future good intentions in Central Asia, then disillusionment was soon to follow.

参考

• Earnest
• earnest money

語源 3

earn +‎ -est

動詞

earnest

1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present form of earn

アナグラム

• Eastern, Saetern, Tareens, eastern, estrane, nearest, renates, sterane