winterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English winter, from 古期英語 winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Cognate with West Frisian winter (“winter”), Dutch winter (“winter”), German Winter (“winter”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vinter (“winter”), Icelandic vetur (“winter”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈwɪntə/
• (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈwɪntɚ/, enPR: wĭnʹtər
  • IPA^(key): [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ], [ˈwɪntʰɚ], [ˈwɪnɚ]
  • (米国発音) IPA^(key): [ˈwɪntʰɚ]
  • (まれに, Canada) IPA^(key): [ˈwɪnɚ]
• 韻: -ɪntə(ɹ)
• Homophone: winner (米国発音, Canada, some dialects)
• ハイフネーション (英国発音): winter, (米国発音): win‧ter

名詞

winter (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 winters)

1. Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere or the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region.
   • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎^[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

     Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

   • 1592, Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1:

     And after summer evermore succeeds
     Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold.

   • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 133:

     It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.

   • 1785, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools." in The Poems of William Cowper, Vol. II., The Press of C. Whittingham (1822), page 174:

     There shall he learn, ere sixteen winters old,
     That [...]

   • 1897, William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles, volume I, Longmans, Green and Co., published 1914, page 2:

     […] a woman, tall, and strong of aspect, of some thirty winters by seeming, [...]

2. (figurative, poetic) The period of decay, old age, death, or the like.
   • 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:

     Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge.

   • 2023, Ben Armstrong, Catching Up to Crypto, page 78:

     Buterin seemed to sense that the market was out of balance, and he made a smart decision that helped Ethereum weather the crypto winter and continue to build while the market was down.

3. (countable, fashion) Someone with dark skin, eyes and hair, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
4. (obsolete) An appliance to be fixed on the front of a grate, to keep a kettle warm, etc.
5. (India, archaic) The rainy season.
   • 1584, Barret, in Hakl. ii. 413

     Note that the Citie of Goa is the principall place of all the Oriental India, and the winter thus beginneth the 15 of May, with very great raine.

   • 1610, Finch, in Purchas, i. 423

     The Winter heere beginneth about the first of Iune and dureth till the twentieth of September, but not with continuall raines as at Goa, but for some sixe or seuen dayes every change and full, with much wind, thunder and raine.

   • 1678, Fryer, 410

     In Winter (when they まれに stir) they have a Mumjama, or Wax Cloth to throw over it […]

   • 1770,—Raynal, tr. 1777, i. 34

     The mere breadth of these mountains divides summer from winter, that is to say, the season of fine weather from the rainy […] all that is meant by winter in India is the time of the year when the clouds […] are driven violently by the winds against the mountains, […]

使用する際の注意点

Note that season names are not capitalized in modern English unless at the beginning of a sentence, for example, I can't wait for spring to arrive. Exceptions occur when the season is personified, as in Old Man Winter, is used as part of a name, as in the Winter War, or is used as a given name, as in Summer Glau. This is in contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always capitalized (Thursday または September).

下位語

派生語

関連する語

参考

動詞

winter (三人称単数 現在形 winters, 現在分詞 wintering, 過去形および過去分詞形 wintered)

1. (intransitive) To spend the winter (in a particular place).

   When they retired, they hoped to winter in Florida.

   • 2022 December 27, “Ukraine war: Five ways conflict could go in 2023”, in BBC News‎^[2]:

     Those who seek to invade another country anywhere across the great Eurasian steppes are condemned eventually to winter in it.

2. (transitive) To store something (for instance animals) somewhere over winter to protect it from cold.

派生語

• overwinter
• Wintered Over Device
• winterer
• wintering

アナグラム

• Trewin, twiner

語源

From earlier *wintr < *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with Old Frisian winter, Old Saxon wintar, Old Dutch winter, Old High German wintar, Old Norse vetr, Gothic �������������� (wintrus).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈwin.ter/

名詞

winter m

1. winter
2. year

語形変化

派生語

• midwinter
• winterlǣċan
• winterlīċ
• -wintre
• wintres dæġ
• wintriġ

派生した語

• Middle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter
  • English: winter
  • Scots: winter
  • Yola: wonter

参考